The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay Example for Free

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay In Mark Twain’s novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn he bases the novel in a pre-civil war time period even though it’s being published in a post-civil war time period. This is strange because he is writing about the past which has already been lived, so what point is he trying to make? Through the characters tom and Huck twain illustrates the childish and outdated actions of society. The time period before the civil war was a low point in American history. The nation was divided over the issue of slavery and the treatment of blacks. This issue caused the civil war and was prevalent in the south even after the war. This is what Twain is trying to point out to society is his novel. They are still acting the same even though it is wrong and has been decided that change has needed to happen. He does this by basing the novel pre civil war time but it reflects society in that day and age because the audience relates to the novel. Twain reflects society’s view through the character Tom Sawyer. At the end of the novel the reader finds out that Jim, the escaped slave, is actually free and Tom knew this the entire time but neglected to tell anybody so he could have his storybook adventure (309). Tom reflects society in this way because Tom wasn’t treating a freed slave as such; he was treating him as a toy. Jim was Tom’s chance to have a storybook adventure that he is known for and uses him as a prop in the adventure and in the process subjecting him to the treatment of a slave when he is actually a free man (307). Tom is a childish character known for stretching the truth and acting out his storybooks but also cruel towards slaves like making Jim believe that he is a slave when he is actually free, and justifying this by saying that he would have paid Jim for his troubles once it was said and done (309). This childish tendency reflects society because society at the time was still treating blacks as slaves and making life hard on them but justifying it by saying they would pay them. Blacks still were not being treated equal just like Jim was not being treated like a free man when in fact he was. Twain retaliates against society with the character Huck. Huck is almost the voice of reason emerging from society in the novel. He questions how he should treat Jim and what is right and wrong in his treatment but also in society. He believes the right thing to do is to turn Jim in and move on but never does because it would be wrong to turn in his friend (261). This inner conflict shows the struggle to change social norms. Twain is trying to show that the treatment of slaves has been shown to be okay only because society has made it that way. Now that society throughout America is changing the view on slavery then they have to change what is right and what is wrong and this cause’s inner conflict. But in the end Huck is shown to be in the right because Jim was a free man the entire time and if he had turned him in he would be stealing from Jim. It would have been wrong on every count no argument there. The journey that Jim and Huck embark on symbolizes the journey for the abolishment of slavery. Jim fought against slavery and Huck, a white man, reluctantly went along with it and started to change his views on the issue. This leading to the official declaration of freedom when really the whole time Jim was a free human being and just wasn’t being treated as such, but is now officially recognized as â€Å"free†. What twain is trying to say is that even though blacks were under the title of slave and were treated as such they were free human beings then and now are officially given the title of â€Å"free† but yet are still being treated the same even when they are free. Twain wants to point this out to society so they can change according to the times because they are still living in a pre-civil war time period when things have changed and social norms have changed.

United States Declaration of Independence and Paine Essay Example for Free

United States Declaration of Independence and Paine Essay What is an allusion? What is parallelism, or parallel structure? â€Å"from The Autobiography: The Declaration of Independence.† Jefferson states that the king has established tyranny over the Colonies. How does Jefferson back up this statement? Why was the passage condemning Britain’s involvement in the African slave trade was struck out of the original Declaration of Independence? Why did Jefferson believe it is important to show how the original version of the Declaration of Independence was amended? In the opening paragraphs, whom does Thomas Jefferson refer to as â€Å"pusillanimous†? In the Declaration of Independence, the words â€Å"governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes† and their supporting passages suggest what? According to the way Jefferson has edited this draft of the Declaration of Independence, the phrase â€Å"with a firm reliance on the protection of divine providence† in the second to last paragraph was†¦. . ? What authority does the United States of America in General Congress cite in its Declaration of Independence? â€Å"from The Autobiography†, â€Å"from Poor Richards Almanack.† Why does Franklin arrives in Philadelphia in his working dress? In this selection from his autobiography, what does Franklin seems most eager to portray? How does Franklin ranks the virtues (according to what?)? What probable reason does Franklin suggest for his giving the boatmen his only shilling, even though Franklin did the rowing? Why does Franklin place the attainment of virtues in a numerical order? â€Å"from The Crisis, No. 1.† Paine argues that the best way to defeat the British is for what to happen/be done? Paine suggests that a state that surrenders its arms to the British would have to do what? By comparing the British king to a thief and a housebreaker, Paine suggests what about the British? In his conclusion, how does Paine intend to inspire readers? Which anecdote does Paine use in the selection? When Paine says, â€Å"though the flame of liberty may sometimes cease to shine, the coal can never expire,† he is using analogy to suggest what? Whom does Paine label a â€Å"sottish, stupid, stubborn, worthless, brutish man†? What kind of war does Paine describe as â€Å"murder†? When Paine begins his speech with the phrase â€Å"These are the times that try men’s souls,† he is suggesting what about the colonists? â€Å"Speech to the Virginia Convention.† Henry points out a contradiction between British claims and presence, such as? Henry recounts several instances in which the colonists sought agreement and acceptable terms with the British. He reviews these incidents in order to persuade the delegates of what? Henry states that the colonists have the advantage over the British because the colonists have what? Why does Henry advocates immediate action by the colonists? What is the main purpose of Patrick Henry’s speech? Why does Henry seeks to dissuade the delegates from resorting to argument? To whom is Henry addressing when he uses the word â€Å"sir†? When Henry uses the words â€Å"chains and slavery† near the end of his speech, What is he referring to?

The Environmental Factors Ikea Marketing Essay

The Environmental Factors Ikea Marketing Essay An organization was found about sixty years ago, which is now has become most prominent furniture retailer in IKEA. Founder of this organization was, Ingvar Kamprad. It supplies products in flat packing concept with reasonable values. They have large network of 226 stores across Europe, Asia and America. Currently it is earning $17.7 Billion it uses illustrious annual catalog to market its products. It considers different environmental factors while making domestic and foreign marketing decisions about its products. This paper studies in detail these factors including control international economic interdependency and consequence of trade practices, contracts, physical and demographic infrastructure, corporate social responsibility, cultural diversity, and implementations o ethical aspects in business along with fulfillment of legal duties, political influence on business and its effects on international relations and in last it examines, corrupt practices Act of 1977, and the role o f technology. Influence of Global Economic Interdependence Effect of Trade Practices and Agreements As the business is expanding across borders and continents, its examines purchasing power parity of customers in different regions before setting it prices. In order to determine Purchasing power parity, level of income, prices, savings, debts and GDP are assessed. (Hennessey and Gillespie, 2010). Some factors that can determine purchasing power parity include economy, trade practices, and agreements. So when, you are going to be global, it is required to build an efficient marketing mix and prices are adapted for targeting in different parts world. Importance of Demographics Physical Infrastructure Demographic factors and physical environment held very significant in developing marketing strategies. Demographic factors include, gender category and divergence, choice patterns of people, buying pattern, norms diversification, ethnicity and race etc. to operate competitively in regard of marketing mix, evaluation of demographic profile of specific region is fundamental step. Influence of Cultural Differences IKEA use to target developed countries, as it mainly operates in Asia, USA, Canada and Europe To consider potential growth, and development opportunities. It do not target and focus the developing countries of Africa, South America, and Asia as well. IKEA offers to great extent its similar products in all parts where it has its operations, but similar marketing strategies for each region are different as it does not make sense, it also do not works well if similar strategies are used for all regions, As it is a famous saying in business that one size does not fit to all. IKEA introduces different marketing strategies for each region according to its demographic trends and physical infrastructure. For example, IKEA offer various mattresses, but a queens bed will not be same in size in United States and United Kingdom. IKEA develops its strategies very seriously; it considers and carefully looks after its competitor strategies, customers environment, and psychology in order to meet and exceed their demands. It manages price to such level where they consider it necessary to maintain particular level of sales and developing most attractive environment of their franchises and stores. It do not have aim to be Swedish in style everywhere, rather it changes its products greatly according to every region where it goes to operate and conduct its business. (Schumann, 2009). In response to globalization, its designers has changed the look of showrooms after the visit of Hispanic Californians houses and finding out that Hispanics consists of large families and have interest in bright colors. It causes the unpopularity or even failure of products if they are not changed according to environment and place being targeted, as in the case of not changing the name of baby bed named GUTVIK, a rude word in German language. Importance of Social Responsibility Ethics versus Legal Obligations corporate social responsibility, legal obligations and ethics has become more important among stakeholders. Companies, if operate with single aim of making profit, may indulge in unethical practices and may deceive customers by giving them wrong information. Corporations are now more socially responsible and work for benefit of society in which they are operating. The aim is welfare of consumer by supplying products and services in safe manner, at reasonable prices, and avoiding all those activities in market that may be deceptive. A socially responsible and ethical corporation considers it its responsibility to save customers from inflating prices, potential monopolies, and ensure fair competition in the market. Consumerism and environmentalism are Emerging trends in this regard are which means to benefit consumer and to save environment. Operating as a socially responsible organization. For example, when issue of used wood chemical being harmful to the customers as well as the environment, was raised, IKEA change it suppliers and manufacturing procedures in order to maintain its image in the minds of the customers. To gain success in industry, its important to have good company image among its customers and society at large. Ethics plays important role in forming companys image. Ethics are major aspect of operations. Ethics include being friendly, conscious about customer safety and health etc. its also required by law of countries where IKEA has its operations. In India and Pakistan, it has to face some issues of child labor. Effect of Political Systems the Influence of International Relations Legal and political environment of host countries, effects marketing strategies of companies. Every country has laws to protect customers and companies, these laws often and commonly includes laws regarding marketing contest, safeguard of customers, lending laws and laws related to fair trade etc. there are also some laws to control prices for the sake of customers , to promote fair trade and regulate monopolies. IKEA is also dynamic while it deals in political environment and agreed to a contract in May, 1998 with The International Federation of Building and Wood Workers (IFBWW) for the protection of employees right. It also pays attention to lending laws and credit dealings as these laws affect its sales greatly. IKEA has to comply with various laws and regulation of different countries about endorsement of credit card, interest rates, privacy laws, customer rights as well as considering fair lending Acts. Influence of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977 Influence of Local, National, and International Legislation It has two important points to focus on, one of these two points is transparency of accounting practices according to securities and exchange commission Act 1934, and second is about corruption of officers at international level. These acts are intended to prevent and control unlawful activities as such activities are harmful for stability of international markets, and may be harmful for its functioning. Immoral and unlawful activities can damage an organizations reputation and its image in market place. IKEA works in compliance with all rules and regulations of each country, as evidence it always had clear and transparent accounting practices. It has developed its brand image as being high quality provider in the market place, and sincere organization through job search grouping, articulating significance of accounting and store management. Effect of Technology Present era is of technological advancement and innovation. It has become necessary to have and use effectively the tools for marketing activities. Marketing intelligence system is largely used in supply by many organizations. This system is helpful in trailing information regarding advancement in technology. (Brennan et al., 2010). IKEA has gathered zip code of their customers when they register for sales but now technology has taken the responsibility for these processes. IKEA also advanced technology to promote its products, it uses web, email etc this use of new .technology , it has become possible for companies to operate from distant places. IKEA also used social networking site to link to its consumers, increase its customer base and customer retention. This is simple to reach to all of the families and friends. IKEA has developed a policy that I s helpful to have great success globally. Its efficient polices that has stretched it market share, and stretch IKEAs designed trends by enforcing the Swedish image, developing the similar environment in each store, even by offering food and quality day care. In order to maintain its image and success globally at the current level IKEA would have to adapt many environmental factors. IKEA is strategizing to provide the low cost, and delivering value to consumers. Marketing and promotion strategies are revolutionized with Facebook and created the ripple effect; to cater highest number of people and making them part of this culture and daily life.

King James 1 and the Church Essay example -- Essays Papers

King James 1 and the Church King James IV, of Scotland, seized the English throne in 1603 after the death of Elizabeth I and became James I of England. He was the son of Mary Queen of Scots and had been King of Scotland since 1567. During his reign, James increased the power of the monarchy making his rule absolute. James I was involved with every area of government. Under his rule Scotland and England were united, the King James Version of the Bible was published, William Shakespeare and various other writers prospered, education thrived, and the American colonies were founded.[1] However, James faced many problems with unifying the government. One of the main problems was the religious conflict existing within the Church of England. Anglicans and Puritans wanted the church organized in separate ways, but King James felt a unified state church would create a more powerful government God had given James the right to rule and therefore non-conformity to religious policies was a sin against God. Although he wanted one state church, James believed compromise and toleration would naturally drive citizens to become members, conforming to the policies of the Church of England. Throughout his reign James attempted to decrease religious tensions, as people hoped to increase their influence and role they played in the decisions of the church. There was a distinct split within the Church of England between the Puritans and the Anglicans. The Puritans were members of the Church of England, wanting reformation. They wished to eliminate of some ceremonies and dogmas closely resembling those of the Catholic Church. Puritans were more devout Christians then regular members. They believed the Sabbath should be strictly observe... ... wasn’t completely unified, James did make changes that improved conditions. Since he wasn’t completely intolerable of other viewpoints he created a strong central government for one of the first times in English histories. Notes 1. Stephen A. Coston, â€Å" King James I of England Interesting Facts† (10/20/00) A.V. Publications Corp. 2. S. J, Houstan, James I, 1st ed.. (Great Britain:Lowe and Brydone, 1973), 16. 3. Houstan, 57. 4. Antonia Fraser, King James I of England, 1st ed. (New York:Alfred A. Knopf, 1975), 104. 5. Fraser, 105. 6. G.B. Harrison, A Jacobean Journal, 1st ed. (London: George Routledge and Sons, 1941), 105 7. Harrison, 106. 8. Fraser, 117. 9. Harrison, 152. 10. Houstan, 61. 11. Fraser, 182. 12. Houstan, 63. 13. Fraser, 182.

Graduation Speech: A New Adventure :: Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

No amount of education can completely prepare us for the world that lies ahead of us. Because it presents many unknowns, it is exciting yet at the same time frightening. I know that there are still so many things that can only be learned through experience; a challenge with which we will soon all be faced. I would like to read a letter written by a woman by the name of Avril Johannes which was published in the book "Chicken Soup For the Soul." She writes this letter to the world upon her son's and his classmates' graduation and it relates some of these same ideas. "Dear World: Our children finish school today. It's all going to be quite strange to them for a while, and I wish you would treat them kindly. They are starting out on a new adventure. It is an adventure that may include war and tragedy and sorrow. To make their way they will require a great deal of faith, love, tolerance and understanding. So world, I wish you would look after them. Take them by the hand and teach them the things they will need to know, but please, world, do it gently if you can. They will have to learn that not all people are just, that not all people are fair, and that not all people are true. But also teach them that for every villain there is a hero, that for every crooked politician there is a great and dedicated leader, and that for every enemy there is a good friend. It will take time, world, but teach them that a nickel earned is of more value than a dollar found. Teach them to lose gracefully so that they will enjoy winning that much more. Steer them away from envy, if you can, and teach them the secret of quiet laughter. Teach them to be at peace with their God. Teach them to be strong inside so they can stand the hurt of failure and keep the desire to try again until they succeed. Teach them to be gentle with gentle people, and to be tough with tough people. Teach them to follow their judgment and not the crowd. Teach them to listen to all people, but to filter all they hear through a screen of truth. Teach them to laugh when they are sad, but also teach them that there is no shame in shedding tears.

Graduation Speech: We are Blessed to Live in the USA :: Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

Dear fellow students, faculty, friends, and family, My name is Sam Myers and I'm from Albania. Coming here was a great experience for me. I grew up in a poor country where the chances to get a good education were extremely limited. I went to schools with broken windows, and did homework by candlelight because we had no power. I was raised in a simple family by parents who loved me dearly, cared for me, and taught me life values that I carry with me. I wish they were here today. My parents had no educational background and could barely read or write. I had nothing compared to what young people in America have. But my parents communicated to me the importance of a good education, and today I am graduating from Marefat Community College in the United States of America. What a huge difference! The fall of communism in Albania in 1990 brought Albanians hope for the future. As every young man, I had dreams and one of them was studying abroad. God brought me here in a miraculous way. While providing medical care for the Kosovo refugees during the war of 1999, I met the people who provided the financial support I needed to come to America. It was exciting and scary at the same time. I had lived all my life with my family in the same country, but it was time for big changes and new adventures. I cherish the wonderful feelings of my first days on the Marefat campus. The easy access of many resources on campus including the library, computer labs, and many others made my learning process easy. I have learned that the key to success is working hard and focusing on your goal. Despite the many distractions this country offered me, I reminded myself that I had a goal to reach and I was here for a specific purpose. Marefat Community College opened many new doors for my future. One of my greatest experiences was working at the Office of Student Life as a student programmer. I learned to work in a business environment, coordinating events and communicating with students and staff. Working as a team with students from different cultures and backgrounds opened my eyes to get a better picture of the world. For the first time in my life, I met people who did not look like me. As I got to know them, I was able to break the stereotypes I had built growing up in a country that was closed to the rest of the world for 50 years.

Leading Group Challenges

The police officers arrest the offenders and charge the offender with the crime, and the court yester determines what sentence the offender should face, If the charges warrant a sentence. If the offender receives a sentence of Call or prison, the correctional faculties must guarantee the sentence occurs In a secure manner. Unfortunately, these criminal Justice agencies are not always working toward the same goals, which results in conflict. The leaders of the agencies must take care of the conflict before the conflict is out of hand.An example of the type of conflict that may arise is police officers wanting to remove the offenders off the streets. The court system may want o give the offenders a chance at rehabilitation instead of prison time, even if the offender is a repeat offender. Situations like this cause conflict for the leaders of the criminal Justice agencies to handle. The court system, correctional facilities, and police give up a considerable amount of control with the responsibilities. Leadership among criminal Justice agencies must consider the control with Justice (Collaborative Justice, 2012).Criminal Justice agencies must work together Instead of against each other to handle the challenges with conflict and control. The agencies must be on the name page and working toward the same goals. The ultimate goal Is to rehabilitate offenders but at times there will be an offender who is not a candidate for rehabilitation. The agencies must work together to find the best solution for the offender, society, and for the different agencies involved (Collaborative Justice, 2012).Political Challenges Criminal Justice agencies handle political and legal challenges that take place inside as well as outside the criminal justice system. Criminal justice decision makers are chosen through appointment or election. Depending on the state, the Judges are either voted in by the people or the governor appoints who he or she wants as a judge. No matter how a person l ooks at it, either way Is political. The president of the united States appoints the federal Judges, and he or she Is verified by the Senate. The political process strongly persuades the Supreme Court of the united States (Dulled, 2012).Keeping politics out of the various criminal Justice agencies Is a must. These agencies have a job to do, which cannot happen if the politics are in the way of people, with that, the politics must stop. The United States has too many corrupt officials because he or she allowed politics to get in the way of doing the Job. There are politics in the police, prosecution, and corrections. For good things to happen with these agencies in the future, these agencies need to separate the politics from the Job and purpose of the Job (Dueling, 2012).The Police and Politics Politics does not have a direct effect on the daily routines and decisions of police officers but politics does determine how the police officers act and react during patrol. Police departmen ts are run by some form of government, whether it is the city council, the mayor, the city manager, or the commissioner. These leaders make a change in the degree to which politics shape the police departments. Politics floods police departments in cities and towns that have a government that consists of a city council or a mayor making the decisions.Professional city managers make political involvement with the police departments less possible (Dueling, 2012). The Prosecution and Politics Political deliberations sway prosecutors in an exact way. Most states elect the prosecutors, and the prosecutors are caught up in the local politics. In the federal courts, the attorneys for the United States are appointed politically and are likely to outwork his or her career goals to the wants of his or her own political affiliation. The federal and state prosecutors frequently use his or her headquarters as a launch pad for a higher political office.Infrequently, a dishonest prosecutor will ta ke advantage of his or her power by way of engaging in political actions of pressing outrageous charges against his or her enemies (Law. ]rank. Org, 2012). Corrections and Politics Officials in the corrections facilities take political concerns into consideration. Politics can push release decisions from the parole board. The members of the parole board re vulnerable to pressure from the authority that chooses him or her. The members of the parole board almost unavoidably make the decisions to release an offender carefully.If a parolee commits a crime after he or she was paroled, the media will put the blame on the governor, and the rivals of the governor will use that against the governor in the next election (Dueling, 2012). Communication Challenges Communication is one of the biggest challenges facing leaders in criminal Just agencies. There are two communication barriers that affect communication within these agencies. The first barrier is the individual barriers. The individual barriers deal with how a person interprets what someone else says and the organizational barriers come from the culture of an organization.Each criminal Justice agency has one goal in mind, to protect the people. However, each agency has its own language of sorts when handling the tasks within the agency. The police departments, the court system, and corrections have different languages and not all agencies are familiar with each language. This is a challenge when the agencies must work together. This communication challenge also can be a problem for the public if the public does not know or understand what the agencies are discussing (Sinclair, 2012).Communication is vital to any agency, especially criminal Justice agencies. Every criminal Justice agency has a purpose to protect the people of the United States. Various agencies should hold a training session together to discuss the communication issues between the various agencies and train each agency on the different languages o f each agency. These agencies need to work together, which cannot happen if there is a lack in communication (Sinclair, 2012). Budget Challenges Budget cuts occur across the nation and criminal Justice agencies are not exempt room budget cuts.Most criminal Justice agencies rely on local and state funding to operate and sometimes the state or local officials have to make drastic cuts to the budget because of the economy. Unfortunately, this causes a reduction in staff because the money Just is not there to pay the salaries. Budget cuts are probably the biggest challenges that criminal Justice leaders face because no one wants a reduction in police officers or correctional officers. The United States needs every man power it can get to combat the war on crime.The crime rate rises when departments are forced to scale back because of the budget. Offenders on parole or probation receive less supervision because the money is not there to supervise adequately each offender. Budget cuts aff ect each agency differently, but no agency wants the budget to be cut because managers believe the public cannot be adequately protected (Bryant, 2012). Unfortunately, budget cuts happen to the criminal Justice agencies whether the agencies want it or not.Along with these budget cuts come a reduction in staff. That is a huge blow to law enforcement agencies hired to serve and protect the people of the United States. Criminal Justice agencies discuss and are given a budget after each fiscal year. The budget covers salaries, overtime, and various expenses for the department. The different departments must figure out ways to deal with budget cuts properly to ensure no reduction to the current staff. Sticking to the budget and using the budget for things necessary is important.Having an agency leader make drastic changes to the agency just because he or she wants to, is not a good way to spend the budget (Bryant, 2012). Effective Team Challenges Most criminal Justice agencies work toget her as teams inside the different agencies. Teams are assembled to brainstorm and complete the tasks. For example, law enforcement agencies have specific teams to work certain cases. These team members must be able to work with each other so the team can be effective to solve the cases. Criminal Justice managers do not always have team members who can work together.Sometimes there is conflict within the team and the manager has to come up with a resolution if he or she wants this team to succeed. The team members must be compatible with each other to be effective. The responsibility lies on the criminal Justice managers to assemble the effective and compatible teams for the departments. He or she is faced with a challenge when conflict arises within that am, and he or she must figure out a solution, whether the solution is to remove one member of that team or design new teams (Collaborative Justice, 2012).Affecting Change for the Future The leaders in criminal Justice agencies face many challenges that he or she must deal with daily. The criminal Justice agencies must work together as a team instead of against each other to make the changes and embrace the changes. The future criminal Justice leaders will be confronted with bigger and more complicated before. Even though the challenges will be more complicated and acknowledged at a ore rapidly rate, the abilities these leaders must conquer will not change. Leading Group Challenges The police officers arrest the offenders and charge the offender with the crime, and the court yester determines what sentence the offender should face, If the charges warrant a sentence. If the offender receives a sentence of Call or prison, the correctional faculties must guarantee the sentence occurs In a secure manner. Unfortunately, these criminal Justice agencies are not always working toward the same goals, which results in conflict. The leaders of the agencies must take care of the conflict before the conflict is out of hand.An example of the type of conflict that may arise is police officers wanting to remove the offenders off the streets. The court system may want o give the offenders a chance at rehabilitation instead of prison time, even if the offender is a repeat offender. Situations like this cause conflict for the leaders of the criminal Justice agencies to handle. The court system, correctional facilities, and police give up a considerable amount of control with the responsibilities. Leadership among criminal Justice agencies must consider the control with Justice (Collaborative Justice, 2012).Criminal Justice agencies must work together Instead of against each other to handle the challenges with conflict and control. The agencies must be on the name page and working toward the same goals. The ultimate goal Is to rehabilitate offenders but at times there will be an offender who is not a candidate for rehabilitation. The agencies must work together to find the best solution for the offender, society, and for the different agencies involved (Collaborative Justice, 2012).Political Challenges Criminal Justice agencies handle political and legal challenges that take place inside as well as outside the criminal justice system. Criminal justice decision makers are chosen through appointment or election. Depending on the state, the Judges are either voted in by the people or the governor appoints who he or she wants as a judge. No matter how a person l ooks at it, either way Is political. The president of the united States appoints the federal Judges, and he or she Is verified by the Senate. The political process strongly persuades the Supreme Court of the united States (Dulled, 2012).Keeping politics out of the various criminal Justice agencies Is a must. These agencies have a job to do, which cannot happen if the politics are in the way of people, with that, the politics must stop. The United States has too many corrupt officials because he or she allowed politics to get in the way of doing the Job. There are politics in the police, prosecution, and corrections. For good things to happen with these agencies in the future, these agencies need to separate the politics from the Job and purpose of the Job (Dueling, 2012).The Police and Politics Politics does not have a direct effect on the daily routines and decisions of police officers but politics does determine how the police officers act and react during patrol. Police departmen ts are run by some form of government, whether it is the city council, the mayor, the city manager, or the commissioner. These leaders make a change in the degree to which politics shape the police departments. Politics floods police departments in cities and towns that have a government that consists of a city council or a mayor making the decisions.Professional city managers make political involvement with the police departments less possible (Dueling, 2012). The Prosecution and Politics Political deliberations sway prosecutors in an exact way. Most states elect the prosecutors, and the prosecutors are caught up in the local politics. In the federal courts, the attorneys for the United States are appointed politically and are likely to outwork his or her career goals to the wants of his or her own political affiliation. The federal and state prosecutors frequently use his or her headquarters as a launch pad for a higher political office.Infrequently, a dishonest prosecutor will ta ke advantage of his or her power by way of engaging in political actions of pressing outrageous charges against his or her enemies (Law. ]rank. Org, 2012). Corrections and Politics Officials in the corrections facilities take political concerns into consideration. Politics can push release decisions from the parole board. The members of the parole board re vulnerable to pressure from the authority that chooses him or her. The members of the parole board almost unavoidably make the decisions to release an offender carefully.If a parolee commits a crime after he or she was paroled, the media will put the blame on the governor, and the rivals of the governor will use that against the governor in the next election (Dueling, 2012). Communication Challenges Communication is one of the biggest challenges facing leaders in criminal Just agencies. There are two communication barriers that affect communication within these agencies. The first barrier is the individual barriers. The individual barriers deal with how a person interprets what someone else says and the organizational barriers come from the culture of an organization.Each criminal Justice agency has one goal in mind, to protect the people. However, each agency has its own language of sorts when handling the tasks within the agency. The police departments, the court system, and corrections have different languages and not all agencies are familiar with each language. This is a challenge when the agencies must work together. This communication challenge also can be a problem for the public if the public does not know or understand what the agencies are discussing (Sinclair, 2012).Communication is vital to any agency, especially criminal Justice agencies. Every criminal Justice agency has a purpose to protect the people of the United States. Various agencies should hold a training session together to discuss the communication issues between the various agencies and train each agency on the different languages o f each agency. These agencies need to work together, which cannot happen if there is a lack in communication (Sinclair, 2012). Budget Challenges Budget cuts occur across the nation and criminal Justice agencies are not exempt room budget cuts.Most criminal Justice agencies rely on local and state funding to operate and sometimes the state or local officials have to make drastic cuts to the budget because of the economy. Unfortunately, this causes a reduction in staff because the money Just is not there to pay the salaries. Budget cuts are probably the biggest challenges that criminal Justice leaders face because no one wants a reduction in police officers or correctional officers. The United States needs every man power it can get to combat the war on crime.The crime rate rises when departments are forced to scale back because of the budget. Offenders on parole or probation receive less supervision because the money is not there to supervise adequately each offender. Budget cuts aff ect each agency differently, but no agency wants the budget to be cut because managers believe the public cannot be adequately protected (Bryant, 2012). Unfortunately, budget cuts happen to the criminal Justice agencies whether the agencies want it or not.Along with these budget cuts come a reduction in staff. That is a huge blow to law enforcement agencies hired to serve and protect the people of the United States. Criminal Justice agencies discuss and are given a budget after each fiscal year. The budget covers salaries, overtime, and various expenses for the department. The different departments must figure out ways to deal with budget cuts properly to ensure no reduction to the current staff. Sticking to the budget and using the budget for things necessary is important.Having an agency leader make drastic changes to the agency just because he or she wants to, is not a good way to spend the budget (Bryant, 2012). Effective Team Challenges Most criminal Justice agencies work toget her as teams inside the different agencies. Teams are assembled to brainstorm and complete the tasks. For example, law enforcement agencies have specific teams to work certain cases. These team members must be able to work with each other so the team can be effective to solve the cases. Criminal Justice managers do not always have team members who can work together.Sometimes there is conflict within the team and the manager has to come up with a resolution if he or she wants this team to succeed. The team members must be compatible with each other to be effective. The responsibility lies on the criminal Justice managers to assemble the effective and compatible teams for the departments. He or she is faced with a challenge when conflict arises within that am, and he or she must figure out a solution, whether the solution is to remove one member of that team or design new teams (Collaborative Justice, 2012).Affecting Change for the Future The leaders in criminal Justice agencies face many challenges that he or she must deal with daily. The criminal Justice agencies must work together as a team instead of against each other to make the changes and embrace the changes. The future criminal Justice leaders will be confronted with bigger and more complicated before. Even though the challenges will be more complicated and acknowledged at a ore rapidly rate, the abilities these leaders must conquer will not change.