Climate in groups

Emotional Intelligence Contemporary Assignment: understanding Emotional Climate In Groups I think that being able to recognize the emotional climate when In a group Is very Important and key to how you will respond as an individual. Emotional climate is defined as being the atmosphere in a group or organization that is created by the tone or mood of individuals and the relationships that they have with each other. There are two types of emotional climates that can occur, either positive or negative.It is quite obvious that everyone would so much rather work with a positive group showing teamwork, operation, trust, helpfulness, friendship, making everyone feel secure and comfortable than being in a negative group where there are cliques, gossip, a lack of following through with tasks, fighting. I know from past experiences that when I enter a group setting this is negative I get stressed and automatically do not want to be there. I mean why would anyone want to work with a group that is getting no work done and nobody Is contributing?! Emotions play a huge role In groups and Impact the way that others respond and act.In Clara Dalton blob, How Do Emotions Impact Group and Individual Success? He Includes personal examples of experiences that he went through when he was in both a positive and negative emotional climate in a group, or on a soccer team in his case. He explains how when he was on a soccer team where he experienced a positive environment â€Å"players felt free to voice concerns, yet retain a sense that they were supported. † He also talks about how when on a team where the emotions given off were â€Å"out of control, unpredictable, undermining, ongoing, and ultimately detrimental to the goals of the team. What most people have a hard time understanding Is that your actions and the way that you come across to people can either motivate them or at the same time push them away Instantly. No one wants to surround themselves with negative people b ecause that only makes you have a negative mind sight too. It is so much nicer when you are able to feel supported and know that the people around you have the same goal and want to help you just as much as you want to help them.I truly believe that this is something that many people can relate to because almost everyone, I know especially me, have been in situations where the atmosphere is either negative and positive. Dalton says at the end of his blob â€Å"when used properly, emotions help provide feedback, promote earning, and assist changes in future decisions making,† which I think is so important because I know that I would much rather be involved with a group of people that have a positive outlook on things because that wears off onto me making me positive. Http://w. NM. Staphylococcal. Com/blob/how-do-mementos-almanac-group-and- Individualistically climate in groups By savage Contemporary Assignment: Understanding Emotional Climate in Groups I think that being able to recognize the emotional climate when in a group is very important and following through with tasks, fighting. I know from past experiences that when I enter one and nobody is contributing?! Emotions play a huge role in groups and impact the way that others respond and act.

Counseling Philosophy Essay

â€Å"†¦Counseling children is like working with an array of different gems and stones. Some are perfect as they are. Others need a little polish to shine, and still others need to be examined for preparation before they are shaped to be the most beautiful and functional†¦Each is different, each is beautiful in its own right and, most important, each has value. † ASCA President’s statement, Janice Gallagher, summarizes the foundation of my personal counseling philosophy not only to children but even to adults. In counseling all should be regarded as unique individuals in relation to their strengths, weaknesses, cultures, values, personalities, principles and other dimensions that sum up him as a human being. The approach of counseling to be used should always take into consideration these counselee’s dimensions. Counseling should not repress these aspects of the counselee but rather respect them and if possible use or uphold them in dealing with the conflict he has. Ideally, they should be exploited in solving the current conflict of the person himself. Individual differences exist. Therefore, there’s no way but to deal with it. Everyone has its beauty in its own right. This is what I personally believe and what should transpire during counseling session. Beyond the physical dimensions that the counselee sees to himself, he should discover the beauty he possesses– his character, ability, attitude, values and the likes. He has to be the first one to perceive his own beauty before others would notice it. In this way, he will gain confidence to address the problem on his own even in the long run. During counseling session, more than helping and guiding the counselee to solve his conflict and problem, the most important objective is to be able to make the counselee discover and recognize his worth, his value as a human. He should realize that he’s existence has important purpose and he has a role to accomplish in this world. He has to believe that he’s capable of doing significant things. He has to feel that he belongs to this world that he needs to play his role and function well. He should have positive perception and evaluation about himself, his self-concept. Counseling should be able to address not only the problem of the counselee but also his self-concept which will help him in a long term course. The counselor should be the guide and facilitator in processing, identifying and developing the counselee’s self-concept. With regards with all these things I mentioned above, the counselee is the main character in counseling who will solve his problem, who will make the final decision, and who will be the â€Å"captain of his life†. As a counselor we listen, empathize and guide him towards the solution of its problem. We try our best to let him identify his problem, its roots and its solution. We can only do much . We can’t treat him as worthless and incapable human because he is worthy and very capable. We are not helping him if we regard him as a helpless and incompetent individual who we always give answers to all his problems rather than letting him look for and discover them. The counselor should not only be the active agent in counseling. The counselee must also take an active role in counseling.

Binary oppositions of Male/Female in Wide Sargasso Sea Essay

The novel Wide Sargasso Sea is basically a contrast as well as shows similarities between main male and female characters of the novel. The Male of England vs. the Female of Caribbean is the focus of this essay. Both the characters play an important role in enhancing the themes, symbols and metaphors of the novel. No doubt, the writer of the novel Rhys has done a great job in explaining different psychological states of both the characters while putting them in different social situations. The first similarity between them is the search for security. In their entire lives they keep on searching for physical and mental securities. Antoinette wants it in the form of a man who can support him in many different ways and Rochester wants security in terms of finance and of the fulfillment of his lust. With security, they are in search of happiness also but the operational definition of happiness to both of them is completely different and which is the main crises of the novel. According to Rochester, happiness is in physical love and wealth while to Antoinette happiness is in being a protected woman. The main desire of Antoinette in the novel is being loved and respected but unfortunately her man is unable to satisfy her in that manner. He never tries to understand his wife and always wants her to follow what he says, regardless of the fact that she is a human being and trusts him to extent. Rochester is in a superiority complex because of his complexion and is under the impression that he’s superior to others because he belongs to England. Not only he himself is in superior complex, he wants to have an upper hand on Antoinette and associates her with inferiority because of her dirty childhood. This is a human nature that everyone likes his/her mother land and so in the case of the novel. The guy of England doesn’t like to live in Caribbean and the girl of Caribbean can’t adopt the culture of England. They not only love their places but also hate to live at each other’s†¦ Rochester feels insecure with the people of Caribbean and not feels comfortable living there. He is the man who has spent his early years in a developed country and can’t adjust to a landscape now. On the other side, Antoinette is under the impression that her man’s dry behavior is due to the fact that he has to live in a totally different environment and she is, to some extent, true as well. One of the very important similarities between both the characters is dependence. She is dependent on him for social and financial management. Being a lady, she has to have a man to secure her in every possible way while he’s dependent on her for sexually satisfying himself. He’s dependent in the context of wealth as well. Antoinette wants to dominant her fear (of childhood) through getting a life partner where Rochester wants a companion to satisfy his sexual desires. She goes through a miserable childhood and this is the cause of her psychological state that comes in the later part of the novel. In the novel, both of the main characters go through some type of mental disorder. Antoinette, being insecure to an extent that locks her in the room while Rochester experiences paranoia and thinks that his lady will leave him in that fearful and insecure place. The novel is tragic, not because it has a sad ending but because both of the characters are unsuccessful in achieving their targets. Not only they lead their lives miserably but they meet an unhappy and tragic end as well. Instead of becoming a lady of her man’s heart, she is supposed to become a slave and on the other hand Rochester is under the impression that his lady doesn’t love him at all and has no interest in living with him. Throughout the novel, both of them keep on expecting from each other but running after their own happiness and desires of lives. We see that they want to lead their lives according to their wishes. She doesn’t want to live in England while he hates Caribbean. We hardly see any element of compromise between them. They are less human in the sense that they give importance to their desires over people. But we have sympathy to both the characters also because this behavior of being selfish is due to the society. Her nature of being loved is due to her dark and unloved childhood while his obsession of money has excuses too. In a sense, both of them want happiness throughout the novel but meet a woeful end! Work Cited Rhys, Jean. , Wide Sargasso Sea

Stakeholder exercise for socially responsible companies Research Paper

Stakeholder exercise for socially responsible companies - Research Paper Example It is socially responsible to its stockholders because these are the group of people who trusted Starbucks to report to them the true financial standing of the company and to provide decent return on their investments. Finally, Starbucks is socially responsible to the future generation by ensuring that their farming practices of coffee is environmentally sound that will not deprive the future generation of coffee. 2. Then, look for information that is not so favorable about this company from a reputable news source. What does the information say about the company? What do you think about the information you found? This is about a Reuters news in Britain that Starbucks has been telling its investors that they are profitable even as it consistently reported losses. This contradiction stems from the Starbucks avoidance of tax as it tells government one thing and its investors another (Reuters, 2012). The news is basically telling that Starbucks is lying both to its investors and to the government tax agency. It says that it profitable to its investors so as not to scare them away and then reporting losses to avoid tax. This is a very disappointing news considering that Starbucks is considered as one of the most ethical and profitable companies in the world. It is hard to believe that Starbucks is doing this but since the news is carried out by a reputable business news agency Reuters, there must be some credibility to it. Starbucks may not be used to losses because it has been profitable around the world. Thus it follows that it is used to telling its investors that the company is profitable in most franchise except in Britain. I would suggest that Starbucks to be honest in its financial reporting in Britain even if it does not look good. This is necessary because the continuous giving of false financial information could hurt the good reputation of

Enivromental impact of a product Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Enivromental impact of a product - Essay Example Accordingly, Frank E. Lindsay’s strap handle consumes more resources and produces more waste. Our strap handle carries a weight meter unlike the strap handle of Frank E. Lindsay. The weight meter attached to our strap handle saves the users the cost and time otherwise consumed in weighing the box every time they have to transport the luggage from one place to another whereas the users of Frank E. Lindsay’s strap handle have to first weigh the box and then transport it. Weighing the luggage using external weighing machines might also involve the use of power which is thus avoided in our design. Concluding, the environmental impact of our strap handle design is positive in that not only it saves the natural resources but helps to preserve them by using recycled materials in the making of the strap handle whereas the environmental impact of the strap handle design of Frank E. Lindsay is not as positive since it requires manufacturing of the film as well as weighing the

Author Case Study and an Application Case Study Essay

Author Case Study and an Application Case Study - Essay Example This was based on the understanding of economic development and how this was affected by the public administration which one was a part of. The different developments with public administration ultimately led to a large amount of differences with public administration and how it should be probed. The concepts that Lindblom was associated with were developed with public administration and the different arenas which it affected. Lindblom was interested in how the public administration could easily affect the structure and process of economics, social and cultural viewpoints. The concept of public administration became essential specifically by the need to control and develop the different structures which were associated with public administration. The first point which Lindblom shows is based on the social and organizational control structures. The belief is that any type of organization requires control structures to continue functioning and to balance out the social and economic order which one is a part of. Lindblom claims that the best way to do this is through unilateral controls, which consists of a hierarchy. He also states that it is possible to have effective controls with polyarchies and the market; however, these are limited based on the type of structure which one is in. The focus of each of these controls is based on maintaining, controlling and developing society under the leadership of a specific set of individuals. At the same time, there is the ability to control and monitor the public administration through the commands which are used by the administration (Fry, 264). The concept of controlling different social and cultural orders through social administration expands with the understanding that there has to be a balance between the rights and privileges of individuals while creating the necessary approach to different needs of those in society. This leads to Lindblom’s

The Ethical Dilemma of Maximizing Pleasure. Utilitarianism Dilemma Essay

The Ethical Dilemma of Maximizing Pleasure. Utilitarianism Dilemma - Essay Example My predicament provides quite a simplified and inaccurate version of John Stuart Mill’s principle of utility which states that actions promoting happiness or pleasure are considered to be correct whereas actions promoting unhappiness or pain are considered to be wrong (John Stuart Mill 330). According to Mill’s principle, my choice of going to Nuit Blanche instead of studying was the right one as I was able to maximize my pleasure. But, this situation is too simplistic and does not provide a moral argument for Mill’s principle. Let us consider the following thought experiment where a trolley is out of control and it is approaching five people who cannot escape the impact. Fortunately, you are next to a switch which could change the path of the train and save the five people. But, the other track is under construction and if you were to flip the switch, you would kill one construction worker. In this situation, Mill’s principle of utility would argue that s aving five people would result in maximizing the most happiness or pleasure and therefore it would be morally justified to kill the construction worker. Thus, the central idea of Mill’s principle states that the morality of an action is contingent upon its consequence. I believe that Mill’s principle is problematic because the notion of happiness or pleasure is subjective to every human being and this subjectivity creates problems when solving ethical dilemmas. In order to present my position clearly, I will first provide the benefits of Mill’s principle. I will then elaborate on some of the common objections and problems that his principle faces and demonstrate my issue with the principle and how its application fails in contemporary society. Mill’s Principle: Mill contributed to utilitarianism through reinforcing the view that individuals ought to take actions that produce the greatest happiness among people while keeping within reason. In contrast to o ther contributors to utilitarianism, Mill was of the view that the concept of happiness had differences qualitatively i.e. being directly proportional to intelligence of the individual. He argues that happiness is superior to contentment and one who experiences higher forms of happiness would not trade them for lower forms, â€Å"Few intelligent creatures would consent to be changed into any of the lower animals for a promise of the fullest allowance of the beast’s pleasures, no intelligence would consent to be a fool† (John Stuart Mill 21). He further argues that those who have experienced only the lower happiness are not in a position to objectively contribute to the question of which one is better (23). The gist of Mill’s principle is consequentialism; that actions are right based on the degree to which the greatest good for the greatest number of people is promoted. Benefits of Mill’s Principle: Mill’s argument of utilitarianism gives a yardsti ck to judge actions as either being right or wrong on the basis of the amount of happiness caused and to how many individuals. It thus can be applied in guiding actions that potentially raise ethical questions, where it can be argued that acting for the benefit of happiness for the majority of people is the right course of action; individuals should always choose to that which produces the greatest utility. While traditional consequentialism would seem to excuse any form of action as long as it produces pleasure, Mill’s principle is based on qualitative reasoning, establishing that there are higher and lower forms of happiness, hence sadist actions such as torture cannot be excused on however much happiness they cause to majority of people. Shortfalls and Objections

The Value of Yield Curve to Predict Recessions Coursework

The Value of Yield Curve to Predict Recessions - Coursework Example The same can be affirmative for other measures which contribute to the difference between short and long term interest rates. The term spread is a significant part of various indices of prominent indicators, some of which are inclusive of the Conference Board and the leading index and recession index of Stock and Watson (1989, 1993). Since, the yield curve is cited as flat in current period, the issue is quite contemporary, as the yield curve as modestly inverted as well. Term spreads play a significant role as a leading indicator because under the expectations attribution, neglecting the term premiums primarily, they measure the difference between the current short-term interest rates and the average of the expected future short-term interest rates over a long and new field of vision. In other words, a term spread is the measure of the pose of the monetary policy in relation with the long-run expectations. With increment in the term spread, current monetary policy becomes even more restrictive, thereby, giving rise to a recession over the subsequent quarters. With such a rationale detesting the term premiums, it is not legible to necessarily capture all the information in the yield curve about the liability of a recession by the spread of short-term interest rates over the yield on a long-term bond. The rise in the gradation of current short-term interest rates has no reason for them having identical predictive content for the liabilities of a recession as degradation in the average anticipated future nominal interest rates over, such as for the upcoming decade. However, the usage of the term spread as an overall explanatory constraint has such a connotation. Furthermore, since, it is quite clear from the existence of term premiums, which are time-varying and contribute to typically incrementing in the bond maturity, thereby, complicating the interpretation of spreads between the short- and long-term Treasury yields, the detestation of term premiums seems to be inappropriate. World prominent scholars like Hamilton and Kim, and Ang, Piazze si and Wei, have made an argument regarding the term premium and anticipations hypothesis constituents of the term spread, as they possess contrasting statistical correlations with the future growth (2002, 2006). A decline in the term premium, derived extrinsically, is theoretically sensible to some extent, since it makes financial conditions more coordinative, thereby, stimulating growth while flattening the yield curve. A measure of the pose of monetary policy which is less intricate as a result of the effects of term premiums, is referred to as the federal funds rate. The shape of yield curve is inclusive of

The Impact of IFRS for SMEs on UK companies Essay

The Impact of IFRS for SMEs on UK companies - Essay Example All of these entities have the option to adopt corresponding accounting tiered reporting framework under a certain purpose (Baker and Wallage, 2000). For instance in the United Kingdom (UK), publicly accountable entities are required to adopt full international financial reporting standard (IFRS) while those non-publicly accountable entities are required to use IFRS for SMEs. On the other hand, small companies are required to adopt financial reporting standard for smaller entities (FRSSE). However, these different entities have the option to adopt whatever reporting framework they need or most suited to their individual system (Jermakowicz et al., 2006). For instance, in the UK, small companies may have the opportunity to either apply full IFRS or IFRS for SMEs. Small company is defined as having less 250 employees and there are 571 listed of them in the UK in 2010 (Andrews, 2010). Financial reporting standards such as IFRS are designed especially in advanced economies (Tyrrall et al ., 2007). In line with this, there is a strong link between economic system and financial reporting standards. In the UK, it is without question that organisations may eventually adopt it due to complexity of their business operations. However, in the midst of this assurance, it is still important to individually understand how each organisation responds to existing financial reporting standards considering the system they have with them. In line with this, the European Union for instance is trying to call the attention of stakeholders in order to participate in the implementation process (Larson and Herz, 2011). However, in the midst of this strong effort, there is still a need to consider how exactly this will create an impact on the individual stakeholders with specific systems they are adopting. Furthermore, there is certainly an ongoing issue about the effectiveness of using regular IFRS and IFRS for SMEs. Thus, organizations are faced with various considerations on what report ing framework to use in the first place to effectively contribute maximum benefits into their business. For instance, one of the important issues is concerning about cost and successful efforts in adapting to international accounting reporting standards (Cortese and Irvine, 2010). In accounting, an organisation is always faced with issue concerning cost and success of implementing activities. The entire activity does not only employ the idea, but the corresponding compatibility. Companies have ideas on the good thing about creating their own standard about financial and tax accounting reporting and their strong link so as to ensure flexibility in the application process (Street and Larson, 2004). On the other hand, in adopting specific financial reporting framework companies especially in Europe are not only concerned with the costs it may incur. They are also looking forward to the other benefits it may contribute to their organisation (Jermakowicz and Tomaszewski, 2006). The benef its however may vary on what financial reporting standard they employ. Little is known about the impact of IFRS for SMEs on the UK companies. Mostly, the regular or full IFRS have been used and widely evaluated in its performance though. Objective of the study The proponent will assess top ten best small companies in 2010 in the UK

Writing Workshop Theorists and Overview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Writing Workshop Theorists and Overview - Essay Example For an effective achievement of writing workshop, it must have mini-lessons running for 5-10 minutes; where students get enlighten on common experiences and ideas in writing. Independent writing follows, a stage, which students reveal their capacities in writing while following guidelines given. Another component of a writing workshop is conferencing during independent writing with students and teachers. Sharing follows a stage that allows students to identify different mistakes while also learning from their counterparts. It is in this regards that a total workshop time should be 30-50 minutes. The success of the writing gets attributed to various workshop theorists including Nancy Atwell who is the most respected educator in USA. Her work in writing and reading workshops has inspired many generations of students. She has enabled students to adopt various qualities such as being independent as well as sophisticated writers (Atwell, 2002). Among the books, she has authored include fi rst hand lessons, which change writing techniques among various writers just by reading various articles from Nancie’s file cabinets. She propels the momentum is students mainly through seventh and eighth grade writing as well as history of teaching and learning. Lucy Calkins is another writing guru, who has authored many writing materials. Common core reading and writing, for instance, is one of her books and companion resources, which keep the fire of writing burning. Donald Graves is also a writing expert who revolutionalised the writing arena in many ways (Fletcher and JoAnn, 2001). He carried out widespread research in different languages making various publications. Writing teachers and children is a book he authored in 1983 which gave various ways writing should follow. Also in the list of prominent writers, is also Regi Routman who is in memory for having intimate knowledge of teaching and writing. She provided many helpful tactics for learning English including teach ing, reading and writing essentials as well as how to solve various writing dilemmas. She has helped the writing arena through widespread research bring into practice various teaching essentials. Consequently, she has held varied workshops to strengthen, and coach writing in schools including Heinemann professional Development consortium, where she demonstrated exemplary grasp of workshop writing. Last but importantly among the experts of workshop, writing is Dorothy Strickland. She has authored many books and held many conferences in writing making her, a prominent workshop skill source. Her book, beginning reading and writing; for instance, offers ground braking knowledge to workshop skills (Fletcher and JoAnn, 2001). Research proves that writing workshops allows students chose their writing, work on their own and find their voice. For flexibility, a writing workshop should have a predictable future, regular time and favorable atmosphere. These are conditions, which pose a challen ge to teachers and students. This is because they cannot make head or tail of the tin box atmosphere in writing. This is a statement, which means writing workshops should have standards similar to a work place in the real world. Students must respect and gain professionalism as well as a workmanlike atmosphere for real writing (Atwell, 2002). This is an atmosphere where explicit routines and set rules of writing get followed for successful writing. Consequently, students must have all writing requirements including pencils, notebooks, pens, highlighters as well as any relevant material for writing. Last but importantly a writing workshop must have a regular schedule, which enable students develop habits, which allow them work independently, while taking responsibility

The Fashion Industry of Lebanon, SWOT Assignment

The Fashion Industry of Lebanon, SWOT - Assignment Example This paper will examine the strategies incorporated into fashion and will analyze the strengths and weaknesses that are a part of the culture. The fashion industry is one that is continuing to grow in various regions, specifically because of the growth and changes in the economy. Currently, the movement into global capitalism and the focus that is incorporated into different industries is the central focus. The fashion industry began to change with the industrial revolution, specifically because it allowed for mass production and exploitation at an international level. Industry leaders in fashion are known to have two components. The first is based on global trends that are reaching different regions. The second is from ethnically diverse types of clothing, all of which help with a combination of trends and fashion forward thinking that is based on regional concepts. This is further combined with different regions that combine industrial materials that are available as resources with the fashion that is available (Chandler, 303, 2004). The several changes that are a part of the fashion industry at large have also affected t he fashion industry structure in Lebanon and the different concepts that apply to this. The Lebanon fashion industry has over 92 companies that produce different levels of fashion. The fashion is divided first by accessories, design, footwear and overall fashion. This is further divided by the expected industry that is based on global expectations, specifically which combines the economic scale of fashion with the production. Haute couture is the most expensive. This is followed by luxury items for those who still require high quality but want a lower price. Affordable luxury is the next target market followed by  mainstream brands and discount brands. The most fashion-forward area is in Beirut, the capital of Lebanon.  There are over 5,000 artisans working in this area as well as a Beirut Art Center, which includes exhibition spaces for artists.   Schools specifically designed for the visual arts are also a part of the culture.  Ã‚  

The Outsiders WebQuest Essay Example for Free

The Outsiders WebQuest Essay During this term, we will be reading the novel, The Outsiders. In order to fully understand the context of the story, it is important that you have a clear understanding of the time period. In some ways many things haven’t changed since the 1960s (i.e. gangs, friendship, etc.). However, in other ways, there have been major transformations. Therefore, you will research certain topics in order to gain a fuller understanding of the setting and social contexts of the novel. You will complete the following tasks: Research a given topic Prepare a presentation about the topic by including pictures, facts, sound clips, etc. (poster and/or PowerPoint presentation) Give an oral presentation to the class about the topic Topics: * Music * Fashion * Historical events * Food and entertainment * Celebrities and movies * Greasers and preps/socials Questions to Answer and Websites to Explore Music 1. What kind of music was popular during the 60s? List a few different genres. 2. What music artists were popular? What were the top songs/albums? http://oldfortyfives.com/1964.htm 3. How is the music different from today? Are there any similarities? 4. Do you think the music of the time had a big influence on the generation? Do you think the music of today has an influence on people? Why or why not? 5. Play at least two songs during your presentation (if you do not have the songs, ask a parent or teacher to help you out) http://www.thepeoplehistory.com/1965.html Fashion 1. What kind of clothes and shoes were popular during the mid- 1960s? 2. Which hairstyles were popular? 3. What kind of makeup was popular? 4. The Socs wear madras shirts in the book. What do they look like? Give a picture. 5. How are the clothes different from today’s fashion? How are they the same? http://www.fiftiesweb.com/fashion/teen-hair-styles.htm http://www.fiftiesweb.com/fashion/teen-clothing.htm Celebrities and Movies 1. Who were famous actors and actresses during the time period? 2. Who was Paul Newman? Name two of his movies in the 1960s. http://www.reelclassics.com/Actors/Newman/newman.htm 3. What were some popular movies during the time period? Name three. 4. What were drive-in theatres? http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drive-in_theater http://www.driveintheater.com/index.htm Food and Entertainment 1. What were some popular dishes of the 1960s? List dishes for different occasions. http://www.foodtimeline.org/fooddecades.html#1960s http://www.keyingredients.org/001_timeline/001_timeline_04.asp?ID=6 2. What were some fads and forms of entertainment during the time period? http://www.angelfire.com/retro2/nostalgiacafe/60sfads.html 3. Historical Events 1. What were some major historical events between the years of  1964-1965? http://www.thepeoplehistory.com/1964.html http://www.thepeoplehistory.com/1965.html 2. What was the cost of living, petrol, etc. in 1964? 3. What kind of impact do you think these events had on people during the time period? 4. How have things in society changed since the 1960s? Name at least 3 important changes. Socs vs. Greasers 1. Describe a ‘greaser’ by answering the questions below: a. Why were they called ‘greasers’? http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greaser_(subculture) b. How did they dress? c. How was their hair? d. What was some ‘greaser’ slang? http://www.stonegreasers.com/greaser/ e. What are the differences between ‘socs’ and ‘greasers’? http://www.amal.k12.nf.ca/projects/grassroots/outsiders/outsiders/8-3/Social%20Classes/socialclasses_files/page0002.htm Group Checklist 1. We have correct spelling and punctuation in our presentation.YESNO 2. We have at least three pictures about our topic.YESNO 3. We have answered all of the questions about our topic.YES NO 4. We have written in complete sentences in our presentation.YES NO 5. Our poster is neat and organized.YES NO IT’S ALL ABOUT ME, MYSELF AND I In the novel, The Outsiders, Ponyboy expresses his feelings in a very poetic way. By doing this, Ponyboy is able to show the reader his true identity: an identity that completely contradicts the stereotype of what society deems to be a greaser. Your goal is to write a poem to express your own identity to show the reader that you are more than a student in a uniform. You will use the templates below to help you express yourself on paper. This will then go  into your identity box. I Am I am (two special characteristics) I wonder (something you are actually curious about) I hear (an imaginary sound) I see (an imaginary sight) I want (an actual desire) I am (the first line of the poem restated) I pretend (something you actually pretend to do) I feel (a feeling about something imaginary) I touch (an imaginary touch) I worry (something that really bothers you) I cry (something that makes you very sad) I am (the first line of the poem repeated) I understand (something you know is true) I say (something you believe in) I dream (something you actually dream about) I try (something you really make an effort about) I hope (something you actually hope for) I am (the first line of the poem repeated) Autobiographical Poem Line 1: Your first name only Line 2: Four traits (adjectives) that describe you Line 3: Son/Daughter of†¦ or brother/sister of†¦ Line 4: Friend of (2 people) Line 5: Lover of (3 people, beliefs, or ideas) Line 6: Who feels (3 sensations or emotions) Line 7: Who finds happiness in (3 items) Line 8: Who needs (3 items) Line 9: Who gives (3 items) Line 10: Who fears (3 items) Line 11: Who hopes †¦(2 changes you would like to happen) Line 12: Who dreams†¦(2 dreams for the future Line 13: Who would like to see (3 items, places) Line 14: Who enjoys (3 items) Line 15: Who likes to wear (3 colors, items) Line 16: Resident of (city or state) Line 17: Your last name IDENTITY BOX You will design and fill a shoebox that will be decorated with things that represent who you are. You can create any sort of decoration you wish. Some examples include: * Pictures of you, your friends, your family. * Your name (which is always good for helping me give you a mark!) * Song lyrics from a band or song you really like. * Pictures from magazines of your favourite actor/singer/sports hero * Pictures of your favourite activities, your favourite clothes, your favourite animals * Samples of poetry or writing that you have written yourself * Autobiographical poem * Quotes that you really like, or that inspire you. **Your box must include an autobiographical poem, which is a type of poetry that explains who you are. ** Your box must include a one-page summary that explains why you chose to decorate your box the way you did. + + + = A FABULOUS IDENTITY BOX! CHELTENHAM LADIES AND THE CHAVS Admire the perfect souped-up Burberry-styled Chavalier. It is one of the etymological questions of the age: from where, exactly, do we get the word chav? Now, at last, there is an answer. Chav, as anyone not living on Mars for the last few months knows, is the  buzzword of 2004 a suitably monosyllabic noun or adjective designed to illuminate that which is most appalling in the young, designer-label-obsessed under-class of early 21st century Britain. When you see a stunted teenager, apparently jobless, hanging around outside McDonalds dressed in a Burberry baseball cap, Ben Sherman shirt, ultra-white Reebok trainers and dripping in bling (cheap, tasteless and usually gold-coloured jewellery), he will almost certainly be a chav. If he has difficulty framing the words you gotta problem mate? then he will definitely be a chav. Very short hair and souped-up Vauxhall Novas are chav, as is functional illiteracy, a burgeoning career in petty crime and the wearing of ones mobile telephone around the neck. Chavs are most at home in run-down, small-town shopping precincts, smoking and shouting at their mates. A teenage single mum chewing gum or drawing on a cigarette as she pushes her baby, Keanu, to McDonalds to meet the chav she believes to be his father is a chavette. So, who coined such a sneeringly useful term? Well, the pupils of Cheltenham Ladies College, apparently. Rumour in the town has it that chav is derived from Cheltenham Average, the name given by the young ladies to the less-eligible young men of the town. Rob Garnham, the mayor of Cheltenham, was less than pleased with the suggestion, pointing out that: â€Å"I am a Cheltenham Mr Average and Im definitely not scum.† He went on: â€Å"As someone who speaks for the people of the town, Im sure we feel insulted by the term. People should come and see Cheltenham and realise what its really like.† Vicky Tuck, principal of the 150-year-old college, was appalled by the suggestion that her girls, schooled so tirelessly in the need to respect other less favoured members of society, could have come up with such a derogatory label: â€Å"It is offensive because its deprecating one group of people against another,† she said. â€Å"If were trying to stand for anything here its respecting all kinds of people living together in harmony. Thats what I spend my waking hours trying to do. Social mobility comes primarily  through education not wealth, and if more people believe we are a more class-ridden society then thats indicative, I think, of poverty of education.† Mrs Tuck believes chav derives from chavi, the 19th century Romany word for child. telegraph.co.uk BAN THE WORD CHAV It is deeply offensive to a largely voiceless group and betrays a revealing level of class hatred It might be hard to say this without sounding priggish or being accused of being rather more politically correct than is healthy, but here goes †¦ We have to stop using the word chav. Would we get away with saying faggot on the BBC? No – there are very few circumstances where that would be acceptable. Would the Guardian print the word pikey? Well they have done five times this year (three times were earnest discussions about the words racism, and the other two were, well, a bit racist). Could we use the n-word in the Fabian Review? Well probably not, especially when making the point that there is rightly a hierarchy of offensiveness. Some uses of some words fall below the threshold of acceptability and some are definitely above it. Chav is way above that threshold. It is deeply offensive to a largely voiceless group and – especially when used in normal middle-class conversation or on national TV – it betrays a deep and revealing level of class hatred. The phenomenon of the word has grown over the last five years. Initially it was purely a term of abuse. You only have to visit the website chavscum.com to see this – have a look at it and be appalled (â€Å"Whatever you know them as, this site is about them, it reads. Britains peasant underclass that is taking over our towns and cities!†). But more recently it has become rather more insidious than that because it is so much more widely used. We have heard it increasingly used in conversation over the last year, invariably to casually describe people not like us and very often used by people who are otherwise rather progressive in their politics. You cannot consider yourself of the left and use the word. It is sneering and patronising and – perhaps most dangerous – it is distancing, turning the chav into the kind of feral beast that exists only in tabloid headlines. It is worse than other forms of snobbery because it so clearly links poverty and being working class to criminality and fecklessness. The middle classes have always used language to distinguish themselves from those a few rungs below them on the ladder – we all know their old serviette/napkin, lounge/living room, settee/sofa tricks. But this is something new. This is middle class hatred of the white working class, pure and simple. It is easy to dismiss this as political correctness gone mad. But the words we use matter. The common use of the word chav creates a sense that this type of discrimination and stereotyping is acceptable and legitimate. Lets not replace the racist or bigoted language of the past with a new set of words that are just as hateful. Many people use chav as a smokescreen for their hatred of the lower classes. That is a despicable subterfuge. It is not the gipsies that are the victims of the chav stereotype, but the useless youths who hang around with nothing to do. True, schoolchildren have adopted the label chav to identify their own tendency (in opposition to Goths and emo monsters). But that just makes them act up to their bad image. guardian.co.uk

Factors Affecting the Hospitality and Tourism Industry.

Factors Affecting the Hospitality and Tourism Industry. When think of the hospitality industry, normally we will think of restaurants and hotels. By then, the term of hospitality industry has a much broader meaning. According to Oxford English Dictionary, hospitality is means the reception and entertainment of customers, strangers and visitors with liberality and good will. The word of hospitality is derived from hospice, a medieval house of rest for travelers and pilgrims. A hospice was also an early from nursing home, and the word is clearly related to hospital. Besides that, hospitality also refers to other types of institutions that offer shelter or food or both to person away from their home. These kinds of institutions have more than a common historical heritage. Moreover, they also share the management problem of providing food and shelter, example like: erecting a building; preparing and serving food in a good will; providing heat, light, and power; and cleaning and maintaining the premises. When customers stay in a hotel or dine in a restaurant, they hope that all of this problem can be done with liberality and good will, but they can also rightfully expect the same treatment from the dietary department in a health care facility or from a school lunch program. In additional, as a successful manger in the hospitality industry, they must exhibit many skills and command much specialized knowledge, such like, a manger wants to make things for the guests. Food has to be savory and hot or cold according to design and delivery it on time. The rooms must be clean and the beds should be made. A hospitality system includes many works, and the manger must see that it is done. Answer of Question 1 What is hospitality industry? Finding one all encompassing description of hospitality as an industry is also hard. The means of hospitality industry are comprises businesses that serve guests who are away from home or can be defined by its scope, mission, and providers. Other definition of hospitality industry will be continually updated and refined, expanded, and honed. Historians have traced the development of the hospitality industry through thousands of years and many cultures. Viewing the industry through the lens of history is helpful because it reveals the close relationship between the shape of hospitality and the needs and expectations of different societies, this is because societies will continue to change in what they need and want. Besides that, the hospitality industry is also extends over a wide range businesses, each of which is dedicated to the service of people away from home. Nowadays, the main components of the industry are those that satisfy a guests need for shelter and lodging and those that provide their patrons with food service. Other than that, when imagined us as the manger of executive chef of a fine restaurant, a general manger at a supreme and luxury hotel, resort or at a casino. These are all possibilities but our choices are wider than perhaps our ever dreamed. A hospitality management degree or diploma and experience can connect us to a network of careers in travel, tourism, leisure and recreation, simply because of the scope of these related enterprises. Besides that, there are also some advantage and disadvantage for each business and staff. Lodging Hotels and resorts have been compared to miniature cities in the way that they incorporate life support system such like light, heat, food, shelter, security, water and sanitation facilities. Normally lodging establishment always include within their city limits elements of recreation, food service, entertainment and personal services for travelers. There are close to a dozen major categories of lodging facilities, ranging from tiny bed and breakfasts to the latest development, megaresorts. The niches in between these extreme consists of commercial hotel, airport hotel, economy properties, residential hotels, casino hotel, resorts and suite hotels. The goal of all businesses is to link or match supply with demand example like: hotels want to sell room and other kinds of services to guests who provide their demand. Every business should bringing supply and demand together to make a profit. Supply is such a holistic concept in a service industry like lodging; that must be considered as a whole or through system and cannot simply as disconnected pieces of puzzles. Supply includes of tangibles, suck like hotel type and physical amenities, and intangibles, or such like the many personal services there provided by the lodging staff. Other than that, demand is same means with customers needs and wants, is often changing and varied. There are many consumer groups or market segments that demand certain types of lodging facilities to satisfy the customer expectation or needs. Advantages View on the angle of economics, the advantage of lodging in hospitality industry is the ability to provide a product or service of superior quality and reasonable cost is what a company should pay to produce or provide it. A comparative advantage is when a company can provide something of comparable value at a lower cost, which can result that in a lower price for the customer than the competition offers. Another advantage is localization. The country, the city and other specific place where it is located influences its competitive advantage abilities over other hotels, example like: a specific city can have lower opportunity costs for specializing hotel service due to lower costs for other services or goods on which the hotel may rely. Prices are an important factor for lodging industry advantage. Even the services are good and the localization is suitable, but hotels with high prices will probably not survive so long and the guest will stop to coming and buying the service, no matter how good it is. Therefore, hotels must be giving a lower price to their customers. One of the sources of comparative advantage is natural environment. Sun, sea and sand are great environments with which to surround a hotel or resort. In some cold country, with cold environments, proximity to ski slopes and quality entertainment contributes to a hotels or resorts comparative advantage. Disadvantages One of the source disadvantages of lodging in hospitality industry is environment. With the growing concern for the environment, customers and other interested parties have begun making environmental demands upon the lodging industry. There are two primary areas of environmental concerns for the lodging industry, which are site pollution and internal operational ecological. Site pollution means that concern arise when the lodging facility is built without regard for the surrounding natural environment. Internal operational ecological issues have to do with how the facility conserves resources. Another source of disadvantage of lodging in hospitality industry is technology. The issue of technology in the lodging industry consist the application of computerized methods to replace processes previously done by hand. When compared with other industries, the lodging industry has been a latecomer in computerizing its operation. Sophisticated hotel management systems assist general and departmental management in more effective operations. Other than that, both chain affiliated and individual independent hotels are linked to national and international markets through computerized reservation system. Food Service The preparation and delivery of food to guests and travelers is another seemingly omnipresent category closely connected with lodging, travel and recreation. The hospitality industry is, in many ways, like an extension of families. Hotels and restaurants house and feed people when they are away from their home, as do hospitals, schools and prisons. A food service operation is an organization outside the home that prepares food for people, either for sale, as in a restaurant, or as part of a service, as in a hospital. Food service operations do the very same things as we do at home to produce meals for our families. Professionalism in food service management is essential in todays highly competitive market. This overview of food service management is intended to demonstrate the scope and seriousness of food service management and to underscore the importance of professional training or education for potential food service managers. Besides that, food service management can be wonderfully fulfilling, fun and satisfying, but only if we are properly to manage. Advantages New staff come to an industry sometimes have advantages over more experienced professionals. In a job hunt, junior professionals can have an advantage over their more experienced counterparts. Prospective employees always view the less experienced workers as more trainable and more coachable than their senior. This means that, the mature professional who has already excelled in a first career can, with credibility, change careers and transfer skills to other industries. Another advantage of working in food service industry is jobs for all. The food service line such as restaurant has many positions. Anyone with just a basic education or degree from a college will be able to work at this line. A people with good education example like degree, they can work as manager, assistant manager or other such management positions. Besides that, a person with a lower education, they can work as table cleaners, waiters, dishwashers and so on. Moreover, as one gains experience, he or she can get a job advancement receiving better pay. Location is also one of the advantages in food service industry, because there is not location specific. No matter where we live, we can easily to find a restaurants, its just a pierces of cake. Even we need to find a job, we also can get it easily, because that is too many restaurants in the world. Disadvantages Newcomers to the field may have disadvantage compared to their senior. Almost by definition, the inexperienced professional such like a young person who has recently earned a college degree is less tested and less experienced than senior managers, so the resume and cover letter of the inexperienced professional may always have to sell their potential to do something his or her never done before. Lack of experience in the field he or she wants to enter can be a stumbling block to the junior manager. Competition is one of disadvantage in food service industry. Food service is big business and has become so complex that it is less and less feasible for nonprofessionals to succeed using seat of the pants ways. Some restaurants fail in their first year, it is because their creators naively believed they could succeed through optimism or by winging it. Professional managers or staffs learn to look for and recognize trends, through reading magazines and newspaper, and generally keeping up to date, paying attention to what consumers say and do. After that, another disadvantage in food service industry is environment. Energy conservation, hazardous chemical disposal, and waste management are important to food service managers. How these agents are used and disposed of affects the health and safety of the staff and the health of the world. Many companies are seeking methods to reduce excess waste before purchasing. By that, we are not likely to see purchasing agents carrying string bags and canvas tote, we are already seeing them weigh waste factors in the bidding process. Conclusion The hospitality industry is one that is primary focused on customer satisfaction. For the most part, it is built on leisure or is supreme-based, as opposed to meeting basic needs and wants. Some of the business that the hospitality industry garners is transient and intermittent, but collectively, it accounts for a large source of its revenue. Moreover, exceptional service is normally very important for all of these businesses. Customer satisfaction normally leads to consumer loyalty, which assists to make sure the success of a company in the hospitality industry. Other kinds of services in the hospitality industry include of special event planning for social and corporate functions. Finally, an advanced hospitality and tourism degree may not be required for all management positions in the hospitality industry, but working our way up through the ranks can mean years of lost income potential and missed opportunities. By upgrading our academic training, we will advance faster and have m ore careers open to us. Question 2 Find out the factors that affecting travel and tourism. Explain in detail Introduction Obviously, the travel and tourism play an important role in the hospitality industry. Some parts of the industry, such like hotels are derive almost all of their sales from travelers. Even through, the food service attributes roughly 25 percent of its sales to travelers. Other than that, there are also many leisure oriented businesses with a major food service and hospitality component are also dependent on travelers, such like theme park, shopping mall and so on. As employment in smokestack industries that is manufacturing which was falls, the service in industries, including those businesses serving travelers, should be take up the slack by providing new jobs. In the economy as a whole, the importance of tourism and the hospitality industry is increasing each year, because tourism is health of the hospitality industry. Tourism is the collection of productive businesses and governmental organizations that serve the travelers ways from home. These kinds of organizations include resta urants, hotels, motels and resorts. The industry also consist those organizations that support these firms retail activities, including of publications, advertising companies, travel research and development agencies, and transportation equipment manufactures. Travel trends are significant to students or family of hospitality because they represent the way in which many of guests reach. This is where much of business comes from. Answer of Question 2 Why do people like to travel? There are two reasons for travel which is wanderlust and sunlust. A lot of young people have to hope that to travel and see cultures of the country and to get the experience of travel; this is call wanderlust. However, sunlust is means that other people want to go somewhere warm and escape from climate for a while. There are also other motivating factors, which include relaxation, escape from a boring life, socialization with friend, rest and prestige. These kinds of motivating factors have not really changed over the years. Besides that, tourism growth continues to be fueled by more leisure time, enabling factors, technology factors, income, and demographic. Figure Factors Affecting Travel and Tourism Leisure Time The reason why for the increase in leisure time is people has more time off from work or school holidays. Most company vacation policies have become more liberal. Besides that, the number of legal, paid holidays has increased and, significantly for tourism, more of these are timed so as to supply three day weekends. Although the typical work week has stayed at 40 hours for many years, flexible scheduling arrangements have also added to peoples leisure time. Enabling Factors Some people have motivators for wanting to go on holiday, but there are some reasons why they cant go. The main reasons are money and time. If cant afford it, means that the people cant go. Having enough time and money are examples of enabling factors. There are also another enabling factors which include: availability of travel such as flights to different locations; suitable products example like range of different holidays; owning a car, therefore can be travel more easily; marketing of a destination for bringing attention; and ease of booking. These types of enabling factors allow the people to act on their motivators. When investigate the change of customers needs and wants, it will be help to find out more enabling factors. Technology Factors Technological changes within tourism surround several different factors from medical advances to the innovative space tourism. Similar to tourism, technology is an ever changing and sometimes unstable business. Better communication, transport and safety have encouraged new customers to the industry. Besides that, the main impact of new technology on consumers has been Internet, which has given people the chance to be more independent and make their own travel and holiday plans and arrangements. Through technological advances, online booking has been one of the biggest factors in affecting tourism, recreation and leisure in todays world. On average residents in the United Kingdom spend 164 minutes online every day compared to 148 minutes watching television. This show that how much the internet is now an integral part of life and has had an effect on other aspects influencing the tourism business. More of more people are now booking their holiday on the internet, as many people are lo oking for a better priced deal than they are being offered by their travel agent. In additional, nowadays, most consumers want easier, quicker and cheaper service only technology has helped tourism fulfill the customers need. Income The two income family has become more and more important factor in travel. Nowadays, the women desire that they can work at outside. A two income family is adds to the familys security, and not only increases total family income. If another partner loses a job, that does not eliminate all of the familys income. There are many motivates for women to work at outside the home. The main reasons are career and necessity. A lot of women choose to be in the workforce for professional and career reasons and for the challenge, stimulation and variety that working provide. Another reason, for many woman, however is to maintain the family income at a level affords the family a satisfying and comfortable lifestyle. In some cases, family members have shifted from highly paid manufacturing work to less well paid occupations, always in the service sector. Thus, some women work at least in part because they have to maintain their family income. Furthermore, almost all two income families have no tim e. When they both go work, the household chores still need to be complete and the parent will normally behest their children to cared about it. This means that many people may have to sacrifice leisure time for household and family maintenance chores. So that, when they do get away, time is at a premium. Through sensitive to price or value comparisons, these travelers generally seek good value for their money rather than low cost recreational experiences. Demographic According to the middle ageing America, that has suggested the impact of demographic changes on tourism. Middle age generally means higher income and a greater propensity to travel. The ages of the middle age group are between 35 until 44. This age group is most likely to use hotels and to take longer trips. Close behind them are the 45 till 54 year olds. Besides that, another significant demographic development for tourism is the growth in the mature market, that is, people over 55 years old. Although, this group represents a smaller share of household income, people 55 and over control over half of household wealth. The people in this age group can use their retirement pay to travel. The pattern of growth in the mature market suggests two subsegments that will be very important. The 55 -65 year old group, which will grow by a remarkable two thirds from 1995 to 2010, as the first baby boomers move into their and learning to deal with extended leisure, that is the ability to take longer vacations as seniority increases vacation entitlements and as retirement approaches or as early retirement permits. Another growth segment is at the extreme of the mature market, who are over 85 year old. The needs of people in this group do suggest a major expansion in assisted living facilities, but they also suggest opportunities for family travel that involve grandparents and grandchildren or all three generations. Safety and Security Issues A challenge is to protect travellers as they move across this huge industry using by rail, hotels and restaurants, buses, cruise ships and airports. There are some security and safety issues which are: Airport security seen as priority, so can attracts more investment. But this may leave traveler exposed to risks at other points in their journey. Expense of technological solutions to detect terrorists. Political barriers prevent a global response to risks. Not all countries have same view of security tasks. Impact on individuals of anti terror measures likely to increase inconvenience os some travel options. Conclusion The most common reason for travelling is for pleasure and business. More people prefer to travel by car than by other transports such like airplane, motorcycle, bus and so on. Travel by air increased over the last 10 years but fell somewhat when fares began to rise, suggesting that travel is price sensitive, because it is too expensive. The economic significance of tourism is clear: Tourism ranks in the top three for total business receipts. Besides that, about one in twenty people is employed in an activity supported by travel expenditures. Indeed, communities seeking potential employers may profitably use tourism as an attraction. The United Kingdom is also an international tourist attractions, its popularity often based on the value of the UK dollar versus that of other currencies, as well as a number of others factors. Other than that, in looking at air travel, the organization should considered the competition between hub and spoke and point to point airline systems and the stre ngths and weakness of both. At last, the travel industry although brash will always be around due to the need and want of consumers to travel.

Advising Boeing And Airbus On Foreign Exchange Risk Finance Essay

Advising Boeing And Airbus On Foreign Exchange Risk Finance Essay BOEING: Boeing is the worlds largest aerospace company. Being a leading manufacturer of commercial jetliners, it is a top US exporter. It provides tailored services that include commercial and military aircraft, satellites, weapons, electronic and defense systems, launch systems, advanced information and communication systems. (Boeing, 2010). The company has it corporate offices in Chicago and also employs more than 159,000 people across the United States and in 70 countries, also has nearly 12000 commercial jetliners, in service worldwide, which is roughly 75 percent of the world fleet. (Boeing, 2010). AIRBUS: Airbus is a leading aircraft manufacturer owned by European Aeronautic Defense and Space Company (EADs), a global leader in aerospace defense and related services. Having its headquarters in Toulouse, France, it has fully owned subsidiaries in the United States, China, Japan and Middle East. It has it spare part centers in Hamburg, Frankfurt, Washington, Beijing and Singapore, training centers in Toulouse, Miami, Hamburg, and Beijing (Airbus, 2011). The company has 150 field service offices around the world and employs a total work force of 119,000 and has presence on every continent (Airbus, 2011). The major competitor of Airbus is Boeing Company. FOREIGN EXCHANGE RISK: Foreign exchange risk is defined as the risk that an investor will have to close out a long or short position, in a foreign currency at a loss due to an adverse movement in exchange rates. It is also known as currency risk or exchange-rate risk. (Investopedia, 2010). Simply put it is the effect that fluctuations in foreign currencies or exchange rates that affect the business entity. It is evident that large corporations like Boeing and Airbus that have operations in many countries are exposed to foreign exchange risks. It mainly arises due to difference in the currencies in which the company bears its operating or production costs and the currency in which the company receives payments from its clients. Boeing being a US company, it reports its financial transactions in US dollars. The input output is priced in US dollar which is a globally accepted currency. So even if it does trading in other countries, it receives payments in US dollars. Hence it is exposed to low forex risk. Airbus being a French company, it reports its transactions in Euros. Input or output is been priced in Euro in the domestic market, while in the world market is been priced in dollar which is globally acceptable currency and this exposes the company to high forex risk because Euro is not a global currency. We summarize it through following table: Company Currency of Costs Currency of Revenue Match/Mismatch Boeing US Dollar US Dollar Match between currencies. Airbus Euros US Dollar (assume 60%) Euros (assume 25%) Others (assume 15%) Mismatch of currencies. TYPES OF EXPOSURES: TRANSACTION EXPOSURE: Transaction exposure measures changes in the value of financial obligations incurred before a change in exchange rates but to be settled after the change.(Hagelin, 2003). It is the risk of changes in exchange rates between the time that a good is sold and the time that payment is received in foreign currency. For Airbus: As explained above the currency costs of Airbus are in Euros while cost of revenues is mostly in US dollars and some in Euros. This mismatch is clear from the annual report of the company according to which the operations of the group are mainly concentrated in different countries such as China, United States, India and Middle East; hence the payments are done in US dollars. This explains that Airbus has a high transaction exposure towards US dollar. Any fluctuations in the rate of US dollar against the Euro would affect the profit margin of the group. The long term contracts that must be honored at future rates are the other causes of transaction risk to the Euro. Though sometime the profits are being locked in by using long term contracts for e.g. for spare parts, there is an opportunity cost involves as the value of Euro or the price of commodities may increase. (Chester Chronicle, 2008) For Boeing: The cost of revenues as well as production, are denoted in US Dollars. Hence there is a perfect match. So even if the company has operations in many parts of the world such as Australia, Canada, China, India, Italy, Japan, Russia, and UK, the transaction exposure is less. Even if there is dissimilarity in the currency when Boeing sells its product to the different countries, the value is adjusted depending upon the countrys currency. The exposure arises due to variation in the currency rate, mainly of US dollar with other currencies. The danger here would be that the currency of the other country may strengthen or weaken to the corresponding US dollar. (Kascey, 2011). Consider the USD depreciates by 30%. The US currency would be under-valued, so this would lessen the profit margin of Boeing from payments received. But it would also reduce its cost of production. Thus this would hugely benefit for Boeing. On the other hand it would be very problematic for Airbus, as it would affect only the revenues and not the production costs. The decreased profits would cause a huge problem for Airbus. However, if USD value appreciates 30%, it would be of tremendous benefit to Airbus as the profits would be enhanced because of overvalued US dollars. Boeing would have to face the problems of increased cost of production but they would be backed off by the fact that payments would also be received in appreciated currency. TRANSLATION EXPOSURE: It is the risk that when the results of foreign subsidiaries are consolidated into the parents currency, translational gains or losses will result between reporting dates. The effects of translation risk are normally seen in the income statement and balance sheet. For Airbus: It deals mainly in aerospace, defense and commercial services. The Airbus commercial contributes 59% to the Companys revenue in 2009. (Airbus Annual report, 2009) The Company has a huge translation exposure, owing to the fact that it reports its earning in Euros. Transactions of its foreign subsidiaries, in foreign currencies other than the Euro are translated into Euro at the prevailing foreign exchange rate as at transaction date. It is mainly to the US Dollar as the trading in the industry and international markets is basically in US Dollar while the company reports its earnings in Euros. The translation risk of the company is evident in 2008 when the company had a decrease of 1% in revenue of à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬43.265 million due to an unfavorable impact of the US Dollars. Furthermore, in 2007, their chairman- Mr. Louis Gallois in his estimation said every Euro appreciation of 10 cents against the USD is a cost of à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬1B to the company based on the fact that Airbus costs are denominated in Euros while the major share of its revenues are in USD. Airbus also holds a substantial US Dollar denominated assets that are subjected to translation risk. (http://hedgecurrencyrisk.com/36/foreign-exchange-risk-can-be-huge-fortunately-it-can-be-managed/). For Boeing: It deals in commercial and military aircraft, satellites, weapons, electronic and defense systems, launch systems, performance based logistics and training. Of this, commercial airplanes contribute 49.8% of the companys revenues (Boeing Annual report, 2009). Boeing does not have any translational exposure. This is only because the companys trading in international markets is mainly in US Dollars and the company reports financial data in US Dollars only. ECONOMIC EXPOSURE: It is the change in the net present value of future cash flows of the firm as a result of unanticipated changes in real exchange rates. It gives an idea of the potential volatility of the company. For Airbus: Economic exposure of the company is substantially important due to the geographical locations of companys operations. The operating costs are mainly in the Euros and in some other currencies in small portions. The earnings are in US dollars in majority. So if the Euro depreciates by 30% against the USD, its operating costs would relatively go down and it would gain cost advantage. Also its reported profits in Euros would increase due to exchange rate. And if the Euro appreciates by 30% against the USD, it will be facing a huge economic exposure as the operating costs would increase substantially and the reported earnings in Euros would also be less. For Boeing: With 82% of the employees of the company based in America and remaining 18% employees in other locations like India, New Zealand etc, majority of operating costs are in US dollars. So Boeing Company would pay employees mainly in USD while a little portion in other currencies also. The Boeing Company receives its revenue in USD only. Because of this match, any increase or decrease in USD would accordingly increase or decrease both the operating costs as well as profits. Hence the exposure is small and easily manageable, as they are already in USD denomination. COMPARISON CHART: From the above explanation, the exposures of the 2 companies can be summarized by the following table: Company Transaction Translation Economic Boeing Small Easy to manage Does not exist. Small but Manageable Airbus Big Very Difficult to manage High Difficult to manage. Huge. Very difficult to manage INTERNAL HEDGING: Internal hedging means using techniques available within the company or group to manage exchange rate risk. These techniques do not operate through the foreign exchange market and therefore they avoid associated costs. However, this does not mean they are costless. INTERNAL HEDGING TECHNIQUES: MATCHING RECEIVABLES AND PAYABLES: There is no problem if the receivables and payables are in the same currency. If the receivables and payables are in different currencies (mismatch) then there is a risk involved in it. (Joseph, 2000). Airbus operations in US would insulate its risks, as the cost of operations in USD is matched by payment in USD; gained from various services and selling various products in US itself. Fluctuations in other currencies will be negligible as the company will not have to pay operating costs in USD with Euro. In order to provide insulation towards risk in various other countries Airbus can obtain revenue in domestic currencies to pay operating costs in different currencies, payables and receivables for example. As a result of this economic risk can be minimized. (Joseph, 2000) However, this matching of receivables and payables will succeed only to a certain extent. As Airbus would have to borrow Euros with the currency received from other countries in order to bear the operating costs in its own parent company- France. In case of Boeing, this is not required as the company already has a perfect match between the currencies of its trade receivables and payables. CENTRALIZED AND DECENTRALIZED TREASURY FUNCTION (MULTILATERAL NETTING): Airbus with its centralized treasury function utilizes multilateral netting, which is one of the forms of internal hedging against foreign exchange exposure, in order to reduce risk. Multilateral netting is found commonly in Enterprise Wide Risk Management (EWRM) where the parent companys subsidiaries would report the forecasted payments and receipts in the foreign currencies and estimated current exposures to them. After taking internal hedging into account the central treasury calculates the net exposure of the company towards each currency. And it makes use of external hedging to hedge residual exposures. In order to have exchange controls as well as clear understanding of taxation in their respective countries; multilateral netting requires subsidiaries of the group to have a standardized budget reporting periods. The savings gained through the implementation of EWRM information system are also important and are enough for the cost to offset. (Aucoin, 1990). The main advantage of EWRM also includes reducing the capital costs by managing the volatility of earnings. This is made possible through internal rate risk and external hedge of dangerous exposures towards foreign exchange. ERM maximizes the portfolio effect and even helps organizations to exploit natural hedges as stated in capital asset pricing model. (Aucoin, 1990). Hence multilateral netting is applicable to Boeing. As multilateral netting is most commonly found in EWRM, by managing the volatility of earnings it reduces the capital costs. Thereby the risk of Boeing is also reduced. CURRENCY OF INVOICING: The choice of currency which international trade is invoiced is of high implication for Airbus and Boeing due to the nature of their products and services. In trying to avoid foreign exchange risks, both companies adopt currency of invoicing by choosing which currency to be used in international trade. The strategy would be helpful to both companies only when properly planned. Assume Boeing just got a contract with British airways to build five 747s and one is to be delivered each year for the next 5 years. We assume the rate to be 10 million per plane. If Boeing can negotiate and adjust the terms of the invoice, it can shift, share or diversify the currency risk involved in this transaction; which would be an added advantage to the company. To transfer the risk, Boeing can invoice the transaction in USD, then it has eliminated currency risk for itself, however, it has shifted it to British Airways. Assume $ =$1.80, then British Airways has an $18 million account payables and Boeing has an $18 million account receivables. To share the currency risk between both companies, British Airways can share the risk by invoicing 50% of the transaction in USD and the other 50% in British Pound (BP), i.e. $7.5m + £5m for each planes. The risk can even also be reduced by diversification through the payment of the transaction in various currencies based on the negotiation between the two companies. By so doing, Boeing has managed the currency risk. Airbus in similar situation can do the same but this time the currency involved will be Euro and British Pounds or several other currencies in case of diversification. (http://spruce.flint.umich.edu/~mjperry/466-13.htm). ASSET AND LIABILITY MANAGEMENT: Asset and liability management (ALM) is basically a technique of risk management designed so as to earn an adequate return while maintaining a comfortable surplus of assets beyond liabilities. Boeing and Airbus do use this risk management technique to address foreign exchange risk and even operational risk and it also includes hedging where they can hedge against movements in fuel prices. Boeing and Airbus can manage their asset and liability in such a way as to: Increase their overall earnings Ensure efficient use of their capital and assets Manage the associated risk in a cost effective way. (http://www.investorwords.com/285/asset_liability_management.html). LEADING AND LAGGING: Leading is an internal hedging technique that is the acceleration of payment of companys obligation (e.g., payment to suppliers) before the due date while lagging, also internal hedging techniques, is the delay of payment of a companys obligation past its due date. (http://www.angelfire.com/ca/finrisk/Leading.html) For example, when Airbus or Boeing expects the currency (Euro) or (USD) respectively to appreciate in value, they may accelerate (leading) this obliged payment and realize the payment before the currency appreciates. In the same manner, when the value of the currency is expected to decrease in value, they may delay (lagging) payments so as not to make a loss in the transaction. (Victor P and Yann S, 2003). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, we say that Foreign Exchange Risks depend upon the currency of costs and currency of revenues. Any difference within them is going to expose the company to Forex risks. The Forex risk that BOEING is exposed to is less mainly owing to the match between its input and output pricing currencies. While AIRBUS is exposed to huge risks as there is variation in the currencies of its costs and revenues. Also BOEING has Maintenance Contracts with companies and contracts with its Government to supply Military Planes due to which its risks have a backup from their Government in case of Financial Crisis. However AIRBUS doesnt have any such backing from its Government. This coupled with the high risks that it is exposed to; pose a grave threat for the company in case of financial crisis. The Internal Hedging mentioned above though useful for the companies are subjected to their effective and timely. And Airbus would be better naturally hedged against the risks by converting to repor t its financial transactions in US dollars than Euros.

The Great American Desert :: Edward Abbey Desert Survival Essays

The Great American Desert In the article, â€Å"The Great American Desert†, Edward Abbey (1977) is trying to convince the general public that the desert is not a place for humans to explore. He talks a lot about the dangers of the desert and tries to convince the readers that the desert is not worth wasting your time and going and visiting. I disagree with Abbey. Anyone who has some knowledge about the desert and takes a class or is accompanied by an expert who knows a lot about the desert should be able to venture out in the many great American deserts. Abbeys first survival hint to the desert is, â€Å"stay out of there. Don’t go. Stay home and read a good book.†(p. 204) What fun is staying home if people have the chance to go and explore the desert? Getting a hands on experience and being able to explore the desert in real life is more educating than sitting at home reading a dull book on the desert. David Alloway (1999) once said, â€Å"the historical fact is however, that the human race was cradled in arid lands and people are well adapted to survive in deserts.†( 1) Alloway is a teacher at Texas Parks and Wildlife Department and he teaches a desert survival class. His class philosophy is â€Å"not to fight the desert, but to become part of its ecosystem.†( 1) So the first hint or suggestion before you attempt to go into the desert is being prepared. Being prepared before someone enters the desert should be their number one priority. First off Alloway said people need to have a hat with a wide brim and closed crown so it will protect your head and face from sunlight. Next, wear loose fitting long sleeves and pants so that air can be circulated easy. Sunglasses that exclude ultra-violet light are a necessity to help prevent cataracts later on in life. Some other areas of preparation are carrying sufficient amounts of water, first aid and survival kit for the desert environments, and some useful knowledge. ( 2) These are the major things needed in the preparations of going on and exploration in the desert. The next point Abbey tried to make was about the dangerous animals out in the desert that put a threat to a person life.

Thomas Jefferson: Contributions to Literature and Other Fields :: essays research papers fc

Thomas Jefferson is commonly most notable for his contributions to American political history. He was President of the United States, the first secretary of state to George Washington, minister to France with Benjamin Franklin, governor of Virginia, and congressman. (725) Jefferson’s literary works strongly reflect the focus, love, and ambition that he had for this country. Aside from the aspirations for the United States, he also very much appreciated it’s then un-tainted beauty, as he makes note of in Notes on the State of Virginia when he speaks of the Natural Bridge, â€Å"It is impossible for the emotions, arising from the sublime, to be felt beyond what they are here: so beautiful an arch, so elevated, so light, and springing, as it were up to heaven, the rapture of the Spectator is really indescribable!† (733)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jefferson was born on April 13, 1743 in Shadwell, or what is now known as Albemarle County, Virginia. He was born unto Jane Randolph Jefferson and Peter Jefferson. His mother was from a wealthy, and one of the first families of Virginia. His father was a self-educated man that became a country official and surveyor. (725) Sadly, Peter Jefferson died when young Thomas was only fourteen leaving him two thousand seven hundred and fifty acres of land.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jefferson entered the college of William and Mary in 1760 when he was but seventeen years old. His habits were those of patience and severe application. Math was his favorite study, at which he very much excelled in. When came time for relaxation, he exercised his skill at the violin. Jefferson swiftly graduated in only two years with the highest of honors that the school offered. Afterwards, he studied law with a friend from William and Mary, George Wythe. In 1769 he began six years of service as a representative in the Virginia House of Burgesses. The following year he began building Monticello on part of the land inherited from his father. The exquisite mansion, which he designed in every detail, took years to complete, but part of it was ready for occupancy when he married Martha Wayles Skelton on January 1, 1772. They had six children, only two of whom survived into adulthood. (web) Jefferson's reputation began to reach beyond Virginia in 1774, when he wrote a political pamphlet, A Summary View of the Rights of British America. Arguing on the basis of natural rights theory, Jefferson claimed that, â€Å"ties to the British monarchy were voluntary and not irrevocable.

Communication and crisis Essay

The paper focuses on essential communication in the community crisis situation described in the provided scenario. The paper includes the following: The individuals or groups that will be communicating inside and outside the organization during this crisis situation Potential advantages and challenges associated with communicating within the organization and with the public and private sectors during this crisis situation Differences in communication processes used in crisis situations, including what you learned from the situations in the scenario and how you might incorporate that knowledge to improve health care communication strategies Appropriate technology, such as social media, affecting communication during the crisis situation and how these technologies may be used to enhance communication How technology might be used differently now than it was during the crisis situations described in the scenario Media opportunities during this management crisis The paper cites a minimum of three sources, one from the University Library and another from the course textbooks or Electronic Reserve Readings, to support the paper’s position. Additional Comments: The paper—including the title page, reference page, tables, and any appendices—is consistent with APA guidelines as directed by the facilitator. The paper is laid out with effective use of headings, font styles, and white space. Rules of grammar, usage, and punctuation are followed; spelling is correct.

Feasibility Study on Investment in Brazilian Paper and Pulp Industry

IMG-6 Global Business surround Feasibility charter for coronation in the brazil nutian melodic theme and material body intentness Report By Ashish Jindal (063011) Avneesh Luthra (063012) Aayush Singhal (063013) Deepak Arora (063014) Feasibility study for investment in the physical composition and Pulp labor in brazil-nut tree An everywhereview of brazil brazil nut is the epicst touchablem in southwesterly America. It is the foundings fifth largest country, two by geographical range and by population, with over 192 billion people. It is the only Portugese-speaking country in South America. brazil nut is the largest subject orbit frugality in Latin America.It is the foundations sixth largest economy at food securities industry substitute rates and ordinal largest in terms of acquire violence parity, as per the International Monetary stock and the World Bank. brazil has a interracial economy with abundant infixed resources. The brazilian economy has bee n predicted to be recognise one of the fivesome largest in the mankind in the decades to come. It has large and developed agricultural, mining, manufacturing and service sphere of influences, as considerably as a large fight pool. brazils current gross domestic product is estimated to be $2. 294 trillion and Per Capita GDP $11,769The Paper and Pulp Industry in brazil-nut tree brazil nut is the largest producer of makeup and glop in South America. On the world stage, it is the 4th largest producer of physical body with a return of 13,315,000 tonnes and 9th largest producer of piece with 9,428,000 tonnes (2009). brazils Pulp & Paper output Source Bracelpa brazil is predominantly a tropical country. As a result, the priming and climate in most regions of brazil nut are favourable to quality developing. The main geographical areas in the paper and cornmeal mush patience are the states of Sao Paulo, Parana and Santa Catarina.Further much, eucalyptus trees in brazil- nut tree surrender short maturement cycles (approximately 7 long time), compared to 10-12 years in chile and 25 years in the joined States. Thus, production of wood in brazil nut requires less time and a littler festering area when compared to Europe and north-central America, resulting in higher turn outs. Industry Overview- 222 companies cattle farm in 539 municipalities, located in 18 states. 2. 2 billion hectares of planted area for industrial use. 2. 9 million hectares of carry on forests- Total certified forest area 2. 0 million hectares- Exports 2010 US$ 6. cardinal- dividing line Balance 2010 US$ 4. 9 billion- Taxes R$ 2. 2 billion- Investments US$ 12 billion in the last 10 years- Jobs one hundred fifteen thousand direct demarcations (industry 68 thousand, forests 47 thousand) and 575 thousand indirect jobs. Source Bracelpa, justt 2011 Macro Environmental Analysis policy- qualification & Legal environment The Foreign take on Investment regime in brazil- nut tree has been fairly liberal and foreign seat of political science is viewed with sympathy by the large legal age of political currents and parties, who see it as a source of employment and modernization of the economy.The mid-nineties saw a host of path-breaking liberalization reforms in the Brazilian economy. Certain investment policies were formulated in the 90s to attract more FDI in to the country. The Central Bank of Brazil simplified the registration procedure for FDI inf milds. This direct to a decline in the administrative cost associated with the entry of FDI inflows into Brazil. A serial publication of perfect amendments were enacted within 1995 and 1996, which helped remove constitutional distinction among national companies and foreign companies.In 2002 Investe Brazil was set up to promote investments in Brazil. Despite a formally fountainhead functioning line of products environment, corruption and bribery are still serious obstacles to doing business in Bra zil, especially in business dealings with the government. Multiple corruption scandals do emerged over the years, involving politicians and bureaucrats taking kickbacks from companies in exchange for awarding public contracts. The levels of bureaucracy and lose of transparency in rules make Brazil a difficult country to do business in. Economic EnvironmentThe paper and chassis industry is one of the mainstays of the Brazilian economy. The Brazilian paper and mush sphere of influence is comprised of more or less 200 companies. Most companies in this sector are privately owned. Foreign-owned companies account for some 6% of the output. Therefore, there is great celestial orbit for foreign investors to enter into Pulp & Paper Industry in Brazil. Latin American Pulp and Paper Producers Composition in 2010 In recent years, there has been a marked increase in paper utilization in Brazil, which is an all- serious(prenominal) exponent of the economic development of a country.Be tween 1997 and 2008, the average one-year rate of paper utilisation increased by approximately 3% per year, reaching 9 million scores in 2008, according to estimated figures from Bracelpa. Improvements in the purchasing power of Brazils citizens have led to provoketh in the invigoratedlysprint market (up to 18% in 2009). In the akin year, 21% of paper and get along with and 33% of pulp production was exported. Brazils paper industry has potential for growth in both the domestic and export markets. municipal role has huge growth potential, because per capita wasting disease in Brazil is still low when compared with other developed nations.Consumption of paper and wit in Brazil is close to 44 kg per capita. Furthermore, differences are terrible mingled with the north and south-east parts of the country. In Western Europe, consumption of paper and board is 173 kg and in North-America 333 kg per capita. tender Environment Brazil has skilled take in abundance. Minimum wag es in Brazil are way get down in comparison to other nations. Brazilian legislation is, however, relatively inflexible and superannuated in relation to labour costs, making things complicated. A continued shift towards a wealthier population has been apparent in Brazil since 2004.There has been significant growth in the populations real disposable income. Strong consumption (Household consumption above 60%, Government consumption close to 20%) has been supporting Brazils growth profile over the past two decades. Formal job creation increased from 1. 2 million jobs in 2009 to 2 million jobs in 2010. The cost of living in Brazil is approximately 30% lower than in the UK and Europe, and for those with a foreign income there is a guarantee of value for money. Technological rude(a) FactorsBrazils high technology and natural advantages in forestry make it one of the worlds utmost-cost producers of pulp, and in the last 20 years Brazil has become an important pulp exporter. Brazilian exports of high feeling papers to Europe are increase in volume, and expected to increase in the near future. This growing market is in truth attractive and one can enamour the share in this market by setting up a new industrial venture in Brazil. However, this industry sector is very matched for reasons equivalent state-of-the-art mills, sound management and well-established orchard forestry technologies.Furthermore, availability of raw material is non a problem in Brazil as there is huge availability of good quality raw materials undeniable for extracting and manufacturing pulp and paper. By analyzing the rotation and yield comparison of different pulp species in different countries, it is found that Brazil has the stovepipe rotation (years) and yield (m3/ha/year). This shorter maturing full point also enables Brazilian producers to expedite the passage of genetically improving the eucalyptus species utilize Species Country Rotation (years) Yield (m3/ha/year) Eucaly ptus Brazil 7 44 Eucalyptus South Africa 8-10 20Eucalyptus chilli pepper 10-12 25 Pinus spp Brazil 15 38 Pinus spp Chile 25 22 Pinus spp late Zealand 25 22 An association named ABTCP Brazilian Paper and Pulp Technical standoff is currently one of the most important associations worldwide in its segment. It was established with the suggest of technically qualifying the paper manufacturers in Brazil, in order to raise bottom for a sustainable industry. In addition, expert development in the paper pulp industry has been supported by the explore efforts of major producers and by financing from BNDES, the Brazilian Development Bank.Opportunities The paper and pulp sector in Brazil is fast comely the third largest in the world. The financial crisis of 2009 moved(p) the Brazilian pulp and paper industry greatly. Brazil ultimately postponed its investment programmes. However, with the economy showing signs of recovery and emerging markets increase in demand, those programmes hav e resumed Over the next seven years, an estimated US$20 billion is going to be invested in the nations forest base and in the construction of new mills. 10 new plants are out-of-pocket to be built in Brazil by 2020. At this moment pulp production is at 13. million annual tonnes, by the end of 2017 this is expected to reach 20 million annual tonnes. Also, during the same period, planted forest areas are predicted to grow by 25% and paper production will rise from 9. 3 million tonnes to 12. 5 million tonnes. This has all come about finished the new spheric scenario in the pulp and paper sector. firearm the international financial crisis reduced planetary consumption, prices and raw material demand in traditional markets it also opened up opportunities to expand sales in growing markets, in particular China and India.Challenges The pulpwood market in Brazil has gone through major transformations. From a point where it had the lowest conifer fibre costs in the world, it now is clos e to the global average. any(prenominal) rise in fibre costs is a concern for forestry companies as the severalize factor determining a fellowships global cost competitive position remains its raw material base. Brazil also faces a punishing challenge as businesses in Brazil have to deal with a morsel of problems, which includes bulky tax regulations, inefficient government bureaucracy, and corruption.Brazil has become less competitive in the last few years as a reason of this. Conclusion The Brazilian paper and pulp industry offers enormous potential to potential investors. The industry, with its advantage in terms of rotation, is expected to grow good in the coming few years with various investment programmes being in the phase of implementation. There is the challenge of a complex bureaucratic environment but the long term benefits outweigh the costs. FDI is therefrom recommended. Bibliography http//pulp-paperworld. om/ex1/item/768-abtcp. hypertext markup language http//ww w. forestry-invest. com/2010/brazil-becomes-world%E2%80%99s-3rd-largest-pulp-and-paper-producer/513 http//www. bracelpa. org. br/bra2/sites/default/files/estatisticas/booklet_eng. p df http//www. roundtownnews. com/rtn-features/rtn-money/item/36741-ten-reasons-to-invest-in-brazil. html ftp//ftp. fao. org/docrep/fao/009/j9425e/j9425e04. pdf http//riotimesonline. com/brazil-news/rio-business/brazil-among-most-expensive-for-business/ http//www. pulpandpapercanada. com/news/the-case-for-brazil/1000225895/